ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 885 



In other cases I found the infinitive (stem) of the verb used as in imperative 

 form : 



sit down ! da ! Kami the water! SE gya'niuk aks ! 



come in ! ts'c'en ! 



Another imperative is formed with tlie suffix -tl : 



vat it ! gaptl 1 Uiok at him ! ne'etl 1 



take it from me ! dc watktl & ga'i ! 



The imperative first person plural is forjied in various ways : 

 let ii» xit down ! k'altse wa'nEm ! 

 let iig look at him ! sO'ntse dEp ne'est 1 

 .. ), „ wa'tse dEp ne'est ! 



let nsijo up tlie rirer branch ! gyilu' ts'a'tlegua I 



The imperative negative is formed wdth gyihi'dse I donoti 



Note 1.— It will bo noted that in tlie negative and interrogative the first person 

 .•singular ends in <", wliile in the indicative it ends in D. In the former case the person 

 is evidently considered absent. 



Note 2.— Tlie first person singular has frequently, instead of -y.the suffix -En». In 

 transitive verbs -E/iw is used when there is no definite object; for instance, I strike 

 it, td'iiskemit ; but : I strike my breast, tu'usD k-a'yeg-o. In the case of intransitive 

 verbs I am unable to give any rule. The use of -E«<J or -o depends upon the adverb 

 accompanying the verb. It may be that whenever the state expressed by the verb is 

 •defined -d is used. 



lam sick, si'OpgEnO. I am alwaijs sick, tla'wOla sl'epgo. 



/ am tired, sona'tlEnO. lam again tired, tlagyik sona'tlO. 



I am hungry, k'te'Eno. I am always hungry, tia'wOla k'te'yo. 



I am asleejj, qsta'qEnO. I want to sleep, hasa'ran dEm qsta'qo. 



Note 3.— When the word terminates with a vowel, y is inserted between the end 

 of the stem and -» of the first person singular. Tlie same is done in the case of the 

 first person of the jiossessive pronoun : 



I know, wula'yO. I use it, ha'yut. my mother, na'yO. 



Frequently a k is found inserted. I am not able to explain its use. 



Participle. 

 It seems that the present participle is formed by redupUcation : 



to speak, e'lgyaq. speaking, EE'lgyaq. 



to sew, tloopk. serving, tltlo'opk. 



to cat, ya'wiqk'. eating, heya'wiqk-. 



The past participle is formed by the suffix -de (see passive). 



to sleep, qstiiq. haring slept, qstaqde. 



to walk, ia. hm-ing walked, ia'de. 



to say, hau. haring said, hii'ude. 



The verbal substantive is formed by dEi'n, and might be more properly classified 

 as a relative sentence : 



the maker, na dsi'n ts'a'pdEt = who is he who made it ? 



I do not know whether there is any difference between this form, referring to a 

 special case, and the general verbal substantive, but it seems to be used also in a 

 general sense : 



na dEi'n ts'a'pa t/sd'B, who is the maker of the canoe ? 



Passive. 



It seems that the passive is somewhat irregular. It terminates generally in -k, 

 joined to the stem by s or t. 



to tell, mat!. told, matlk. 



to itiikc, fous. struck, fo'usk. 



