480 University of Calif or ni-a Publications in Zoology [Vol.16 



spieuous, passing around left side of intestinal loop to right side and 

 following rectum to end near the anus; its last portion swollen when 

 filled with sperm. Tadpoles develop in atrium. 



Habitat and distribution. — Species widely distributed on Cali- 

 fornia coast, it having been found at almost every point where 

 ascidian collecting has been done, from Mendocino to San Diego. It 

 is confiiied to rocky localities, but not to the littoral zone, judging 

 from the frequency with which it is washed ashore. To what depths 

 it extends is not known as it has never been taken by dredge or trawl. 



At San Diego it occurs on the United States Government break- 

 water at the entrance of the bay ; also on the breakwater at Coronado. 

 In these localities it is not confined to the under .surfaces of rocks, 

 but grows on their tops and sides. 



Type locality. — San Diego, California. 



This species is undoubtedly closely related to Glossopltorum humile 

 Lahille: but the following differences seem fully to establish the 

 specific independence of the two : G. humile, according to Lahille, is 

 entirely covered with fine sand, while our species is peculiarly free 

 from sand. The colony of G. humile is relatively thinner than that 

 of G. planum and no mention is made by Lahille of a peduncle of 

 G. humile. The atrial languet is pointed in G. humile while it is 

 usually broadly truncate in G. planum. There are about twenty stig- 

 mata in a half -series in G. h iimile while fourteen is the highest number 

 found in G. planum. According to Lahille and Herdman, G. humile 

 possesses sixteen tentacles; never less than eighteen have been found 

 for G. planum. 



Perhaps no species of compound ascidian in our fauna is so well 

 adapted for laboratory demonstration as is this, and since it is fairly 

 abundant and obtainable with little difficulty, it should be useful in 

 this way. 



Macroclinum par-fustis, n. sp. 



PI. 38, fig. 3; pi. 45, fig. 63 



Superficial characteristics of the colony. — Sand-encrusted, consist- 

 ing of a few or numerous club-shaped masses each having a peduncle 

 iisually about twice as long as the more or less rounded head ; masses 

 connected together in colony by a .stolonic basal network (pi. 38, fig. 

 3). Length various, the largest colony investigated 6 cm. long, with 

 head 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. thick. On smaller heads one common 

 cloacal orifice present in center of anterior portion ; on larger heads 

 several such orifices occur, each surrounded by about twelve zooids. 

 Branchial orifices indicated by slight, sand-covered elevations in pre- 

 served specimens. Test gelatinous and transparent, containing many 

 small test cells scattered throughout its sub.stance. Surface layer 

 tougher and usually thickly embedded with sand grains. 



