Helix (Acanthinula) harpa, Say, and its Distribution. 167 



Say, lives under the decayed foliage of Betula, Salix and Corylus, 

 often near running waters, but also under moss, stones, in 

 woods of Abies, as well as on the hills. It is a very hardy 

 species, able to withstand periods of drought and severe cold. 

 During winter it creeps only a little depth beneath the surface 

 of the ground, the aperture closed by a thin membrane only, 

 and during periods of drought it is found under decayed foliage, 

 etc. It is a very active species, and enters its shell like a 

 Physa. With regard to Morse's observations that it is ovivivi- 

 parous, he found that in several specimens examined, some had 

 over four embryos in the ovary, some only two. Helix harpa 

 Say., was first found in Maine, U.S.A., by Say., during Long's 

 Expedition to Peter's River, and des- 

 cribed by him in 1824. Later it was 

 found in several places throughout the 

 Northern U.S.A. and Canada, and by Dr. 

 Krause in Alaska, in 1882. 



In Sweden, it was first found by Prof. 



Bohemann, 1843, near Rabacken in Lulea 



I Lappmark (67 N. lat.) and later by him 



in the Lyksele Lappmark. In 1870, E. 



Hemberg observed it common near lakes 



Storafvan, Nddjaur and Hornafvan, and 



Heiix (Aoanthiruia) harpa. especially near Arjeploug in the Pitea 



Lappmark (c. 66° N. lat.). 



Further, Sakokhutte and Vastenjaure in Sarek Mountains, 



1906 (Odhner), near Hvitvattenskrcgen, in Jemtland (Weves), 



Funnasdal and Rosvalen in Herjedalen (Soderlund), Sathersdal 



in Dalarne (C. G. Anderson), Gefle in Gestrickland (Hj. Theel) 



and Lindbo in Westmannland (C. H. Johansen), Ostra 



Stacket, Verundo (0. Sandahl, 1883), Lidingo (P. de Laval) and 



Bellevue (V. Lundberg) near Stockholm. 



In Norway it was first recorded from Horgheim, in Romsdal, 

 14th August, 1858, by Prof. Lilljeborg, and from Skovlokken, 

 near Veiensten, in Geisdal, by C. M. Poulsen. In July, 1882, 

 the Curator (Sparre Schneider) of the Tromso Museum, found 

 two dead specimens at Kirkenaes, in South Vararger, and it 

 was noticed at Elevenaes in the same area, by H. Nordquist. 

 Helix harpa Say. is probably spread over the whole country, 

 but more common in the north. 



In Finland it is very common along the Arctic Ocean, but 

 it is scarcer southwards, and is not found in the southernmost 

 parts, although E. Nylander reports it from the 110 metres 

 high Kasberget (Jomala) in Aland Isles (cf. its occurrence at 

 Stockholm). Luther cites the following localities* (except 



* Land-och Sdtvattengastropodernas Utbredning, i Finland, Helsing- 

 fors, 1 901, pp. 59-61. 



1917 Mayl. 



