Notes on the Slugs and Land Shells of Iceland. 331 



geographically. In its organisations it is also quite different 

 from and immensely superior to the Protogona, the general 

 helicidian type characteristic of Eastern North America, 

 which, according to Dr. Pilsbry, has a very simple and primitive 

 structure ; yet the distributional area of H. hortensis, ex- 

 tending as it does along more than a thousand miles of coast, 

 and its occupancy of numerous rocky islets uninhabitable by 

 man, combined with the discovery of its presence in the 

 Pleistocene clays of Maine, lend support to the view that it 

 has reached that country through natural diffusion, by means 

 of the land-bridge, believed by many to have connected North- 

 western Europe with North America during Tertiary periods, 

 and by means of which a few other terrestrial species of boreal 

 distribution have probably also reached eastern North America.' 



Genus Pupa (Draparnaud). 

 Sub -genus Pupilla L. Pfeiffer. 

 Pupa muscorum L., var. lundstromi Westerlund. 

 Recorded by Westerlund in Syn. Mollusc, extram. Scand., 

 1897, p. 61. 



Sub-genus Vertigo M tiller. 



Pupa arctica Wallenberg. 



W. Isafjordur (F.H.S. and H.S.). 



Heidalur, Armula and Kaldalon, all in the Isafjardardjup, 



1913 (H.S.). Saudlauksdalur (E.O.). 

 Remarks : Probably distributed over the whole of Iceland, 

 and found under stones, in decomposing vegetation, near 

 running water, etc. Eggert Olafsson says, ' Cylindrus, testa 

 tota spirali ad extremitates obtusa, spiris 6 ore angustissimo is a 

 shell about the size of a cabbage seed. The two circular grooves 

 at the opening are the colour of flesh, the others blue-grey ; 

 they live principally in the fields, among grass and moss, on 

 and near the rocks (near Saudslauksdalur in Patricksfjordur).' 



Genus Cochlicopa (Risso). 



Cochlicopa lubrica Miiller. 



W. Saudlauksdalur (E.O.), Hofda in Dyrafjordur, 1913 (H.S.), 



Isafjordur, 1914 (H.S.). 

 S. Nuphlid (J. St.), Kirkjubaer (Sidan), near Skapta (J.St.). 

 N. Akureyri, 1912 (F.H.S. ). 



Remarks : Exists over the whole island, partly in damp 

 places and partly in dry places, under leaves, moss, stones, in 

 grass, and in the crevices of rocks, etc. Eggert Olafsson writes 

 about this species, ' Buccinum testa ovataacuta, spiria 6, mem- 

 branacea fulva splendente is a most beautiful snail, especially 

 through its glittering red-yellow shell, in which it surpasses all 

 the other species, but it is very small ' and inconspicuous.' 



1917 Oct. 1. 



