Reviews and Book Notices. 399 



lost by the users ? A friend of the writer's has over 2,000 similar 

 flakes in his possession which have been found during recent 

 years on the moors surrounding Goathland ; the separate 

 definite places in which many of these were found clustered 

 together seem to denote a camp or village site. Mr. Jordan 

 also mentions ' strips of land like occupation plots . . . parallel 

 to each other.' These surely are the old English ' furrow-long ' 

 acres, 40 poles in length and having an uncultivated space 

 between each, called a ' Balk ; ' 120 acres were frequently tied 

 together and formed the tillage field in what is known as the 

 three-field system of agriculture. We would recommend to 

 those interested in this subject ' The Village Community,' by 

 the late F. Seebohm, F.R.S., published in 1883. The writer 

 shows that most of our towns have been built upon the sites 

 of earlier settlements ; probably in the case of Doncaster, the 

 same sequence of events have been, or can be, traced as sug- 

 gested by Mr. Jordan at the close of his article. These early 

 men whose roughly chipped flakes were trodden into the earth 

 below their rush-strewn floors, would be followed by more 

 advanced Celtic, and other tribes of whom we knew but little, 

 but whose occupation of the site as rulers was brought to a 

 close by the more advanced civic life to be found within the 

 demesne of the Roman manor ; next we should find the 

 Saxon and Scandinavian immigrants settled in the same 

 place, their early English ideals being in course of time sub- 

 jected to the innovations introduced by Norman overlords. 

 During these changes of ownership dating from Roman, il 

 not from still earlier times, the tillers of the soil had continued 

 to cultivate their land under the three-field system, an agricul- 

 tural arrangement of scattered holdings that has existed until 

 a comparatively recent date. The subject is of interest, for 

 it is the preservation of knowledge gained from these old time 

 communities, that helps us to link up the history of our 

 country with its geological records. — J. T. Sewell, Whitby, 

 November, 1917. 



: o : 



The Sixth edition of the Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Fisheries 

 and Shipping, by T. Sheppard, has just been published (56 pp. 2d.). 



The Herbaceous Garden, by Alice Martineau, third impression, revised, 

 1917. London : Williams and Norgate, 298 pp., 7/6 net. Now that a 

 revival seems to have taken place in the interest taken in gardening, and 

 especially herbaceous gardens — which surely appeal to naturalists much 

 more than do the geometrical and bed-quilt patterns — we take this oppor- 

 tunity of drawing attention to still another impression of Mrs. Martineau's 

 well-known book — with its practical advice and wealth of illustration. 

 The present edition has been revised, and there is an Introduction by 

 Mr. W. Robinson. Those contemplating gardening for the first time — 

 and even those who already possess a garden — will do well to invest three 

 half-crowns in this book. 



1917 Dec. 1. 



