1-^08] Bohertson. — Incnisting Bryozoa. 303 



times on both sides; this aviciilariiim (fig. 69, av.) may possess 

 a slender triangidar mandible directed upward; other smaller 

 avicularia frequently scattered over the zooecia, mandible directed 

 downward, outward, or upward. Ocecia large, globose, marked 

 with a few large punctures. 



S. ttispinosa is reported as abundant at Queen Charlotte Is- 

 lands. It is a common species in our fauna ranging from Alaska 

 to San Diego, California, from between tide marks to a depth of 

 a fcAv fathoms. 



72. Smittia californiensis sp. nov. 



PI. 22, fig. 71. 



Zoarium forming a thick, coarse, spiny crust of a dark grey 

 color on stems of kelp, shells, etc. Zooecia large, subquadrang- 

 ular, or rhomboidal on the growing margin of the colony; be- 

 coming croAvded together, and variously shaped in older portions 

 of the colony ; more or less alternate, front wall becoming highly 

 calcified in older stages and having numerous large pores ; a row 

 of pores around the margin ; below the orifice a convex, granular 

 area (fig. 71, gra. ar.) sometimes rising into an umbo with or 

 without an avicularium. Primary orifice orbicular closed by a 

 dark-colored operculum ; secondary orifice possessing a well 

 marked sinus, s., on the lower margin within which a denticle is 

 generally found. Four long spines on marginal zooecia, two on 

 intermediate ones. On one side of the orifice, occasionally on 

 both sides, on a mound-like projection is a large avicidarium, av., 

 with mandible directed outAvard or upAvard ; scattered at irregular 

 intervals are many smaller avicularia with mandible directed 

 doAvuAvard; interspersed between the zooecia are large spatulate 

 avicularia, sp. av., in size approaching that of a zooecium and oc- 

 cupying the place of one ; mandible large, rounded, and directed 

 upward. Ooeciaf 



S. californiensis possesses many points of resemblance Avith S. 

 trispinosa and perhaps may be regarded as a variant of that cos- 

 mopolitan species. It agrees Avith »S^. trispinosa, var. munita 

 Ilincks, ( '84) in the possession of the elcA^ated avicularia, but in 

 the Victorian form the mandible is directed doAvuAvard. It also 



