20 Find: Life Zones tn British Carboniferous Rocks. 
Ramsclough, near Thornley Hall; West Bradford, Bolland ; 
Holden; Agden Clough; and Stream near Browsholme Hall, 
Bolland ; Sulber Lathe, Flasby ; Newton Gill, 1 mile E. of Long 
Preston. 
The Black Limestones of the Isle of Man contain, as had 
been known for a long while, Poszdonomva bechert in abundance, 
Pterinopecten papyraceus, Nomismoceras rotiforme, Glyphioceras 
veticulatum, Orthoceras morristanum, O. sulcatum, and many 
plants. 
In North Wales at Teilia, Prestatyn and Holloway, the 
junction of Cyathaxonta beds with thin black Limestones 
containing Pterinopecten papyraceus, Posidonomya becheri and 
P. membranacea and other members of the fauna and flora are 
well seen. 
This Life Zone is traced West into Ireland, and is well seen 
on the Coast near Lough Shinney, Co. Dublin, and in Co. Clare, 
where I have demonstrated the presence of Poszdonomya mem- 
branacea, Pterinopecten papyraceus, P. becheri, in beds which 
succeed the Carboniferous Limestone. 
Here, then, is a wide and extensive Zone which may well be 
called the Zone of Postdonomya bechert, which may be considered 
to include the first 200-300 feet of the Pendleside Limestones. 
I am purposely vague as to the extent, because the whole 
series, as I stated above, thins out rapidly N. and S., and at 
Pendlehill I believe this Zone to be thicker than elsewhere. 
In certain localities I fear that the other Zones in the series 
are not so perfectly demonstrable, nevertheless they exist, and if I 
say what I know about them, others may be able to fill in details. 
Above the P. bdechert Zone we find a horizon in which 
Glyphioceras spirale occurs abundantly. The maximum of this 
fossil occurs in Cheshire, at Congleton Edge, about 500 below 
the 3rd grit and about the same distance above the top of the 
Cyathaxonta beds. This shell is very common in the Lower Culm 
of North and South Devon, and has occurred at Foynes’ Island, 
Co. Limerick, Lough Shinney, Co. Dublin, and Pendle Hill. 
At Congleton Edge occurs a most interesting section, which 
has been described by me so frequently. The quarry is opened 
to work some strong Quartzose Sandstones containing plant 
remains and thin streaks of Coal, for the purpose of forming 
the floors of iron furnaces. 
The upper band of this rock is succeeded by two feet of 
greyish yellow marl, with calcareous nodules, rapidly thinning 
out towards South. This is succeeded by a foot of black 
Naturalist, 
