Reviews and Book Notices. 143 
during the Glacial Period was by no means so severe as we are 
often led to believe,’* the conclusions in this paper are 
strengthened. Many facts of geographical distribution can only 
be explained on the assumption of pre-glacial survivals. 
Since the close of the Ice Age many of the upland survivors 
have no doubt spread on to the land formerly occupied by the 
glaciers, and in this respect it is worthy of note that the spot 
where I found JZ. europea was the summit of the Brown Rigg 
oxbow, that grand memorial of the Ice Age in the neighbourhood 
of Robin Hood’s Bay, described by Professor Kendall. The 
species has, therefore, apparently spread from the driftless 
region. 
Further investigations are needed to firmly establish the 
views above set forth. More cases of the same nature as 
Mutilla europea are required, and I hope will be forthcoming. 
The great valleys of Bilsdale, Rosedale, Farndale, etc., would 
well repay working, as they exhibit no traces of ice action ; 
besides, their natural history has not received that thorough 
investigation which it certainly deserves. 
For the facts concerning the distribution of the Lepidoptera, 
I am indebted to Meyrick’s ‘ Handbook’ ; for those concerning 
the Mutillz to the catalogues of the British Museum, and to the 
‘Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Islands’ by Mr. Saunders. 
——_e—__ 
‘One and All’ Gardening, 1907.—London: The Agricultural and 
Horticultural Association. Price twopence. 
The Editor opens the work with an article on Country in Town, 
giving details of the movement for beautifying our towns and cities with 
garden features. The Hon. H. A. Stanhope writes on Some Useful Native 
Plants ; James Scott on Secrets of Garden Flowers and The Formation of 
Soil; Horace J. Wright, F.R.H.S., on Onions ; Co-operative Gardens and 
Houses, by the late G. J. Holyoake; Ivy Gardens; Rhododendrons as 
Winter Flowers; Shakespeare’s Gardens; The Colour of Flowers, etc. 
There is a Poet’s Calendar of all the Months in the Year, by the late 
Nora Chesson. 
Blackie’s Nature Knowledge Diary, compiled by W. P. Westell 
(6d. net), is a pamphlet of ruled pages, resembling a school register, with an 
‘introduction.’ It contains a ‘Monthly Weather Chart,’ with ruled squares, 
and marked ‘bar’ and ‘inches’ on the left. Then follows several pages ruled 
with headings, ‘ Date,’ ‘ Barometer,’ ‘Thermometer,’ ‘ Seaweed,’ ‘ Rainfall,’ 
etc. The book, however, is probably likely more to repel an interest in 
nature by the scholar than to encourage it. After justly urging the observer 
to make a ‘note on the spot,’ ‘ which is worth a cart-load of ‘ recollections,” 
it is pointed out that ‘no record can be too trifling.’ For a note book it may 
not, but we hope that when the scholar has filled his ‘Diary’ he will not 
print it under the head of ‘County Rambles,’ or some such title ! 
——————— 
* ‘European Fauna,’ p. 68. 
1907 April 1. 
