281 
NOTES ON THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE 
KETTLEWELL DISTRICT. 
COSMO JOHNS, M.1.MeEcu.E., F.G.S. 
In these notes it is proposed to give a brief sketch of the geology 
of the area to be visited by the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union this 
month in order to indicate the general features of the district, 
and to suggest, for the consideration of geologists attending 
the meeting, particular points towards which their attention 
might be directed. The difficulty is not so much to find interest- 
ing features as to select from the many, just those to which the 
most profitable attention might be given. It is perhaps fortunate 
that, owing to the recent work that has been done in determining 
the faunal sequence of the Lower Carboniferous Rocks of Britain 
and in establishing life zones in them, it will be possible to 
suggest a line of work not only interesting, but also serving to 
make somewhat clearer the relation of the various sections 
visited to those in other parts of the Pennines. The stratigraphy 
of the area is clear, and though the Great Scar Limestone and 
Yoredale Series do not stand out with the diagrammatic vivid- 
ness of Ingleborough as seen from Chapel-le-Dale, yet their 
relation can be made out without much difficulty. 
It is unfortunate that nowhere in the area to be visited is 
the base of the Carboniferous rocks to be seen, and the mantle 
of drift which rests, for some considerable height, on the sides 
of both Littondale and Wharfedale, increases the difficulty of 
working out the sequence. The occurrence of the Silurian Grit 
boulders in the drift below Kilnsey has suggested that pre- 
Carboniferous rocks were exposed in Upper Wharfedale in 
pre-glacial times. This is very probable, and would be in 
harmony with such paleontological evidence as is available. 
Despite the absence of a visible base and the occurrence of 
drift, it is possible to make out fairly clearly the faunal sequence 
of the Great Scar Limestone as far as it is exposed. This 
would seem to be the most promising work that could be 
undertaken during the few days of the meeting, and very 
possibly would also be the most interesting. 
Before mentioning the particular zones which can b: made 
out in one area, it is desirable to call attention to some of the 
stratigraphical features. The Great Scar Limestone, which is 
so well exposed in Kingsdale, Ingletondale, Ribblesdale, 
Littondale, and Upper Wharfedale, is clearly a huge limestone 
1907 August r. | 
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