348 The Natural History of Littondale, Yorks. 
Botrany.—Dr. T. W. Woodhead writes :—Botanists in 
every branch found here ample material to engage their close 
attention. Excursions were made to Foxup, Heselden Gill, 
and Penyghent: also over Old Cote Moor to Kettlewell and to 
Great Whernside. This area is included in the district surveyed 
by Smith and Rankin,* and an excellent opportunity was 
afforded to examine some of the chief plant associations there 
dealt with. 
In these notes, however, mention is only made of species 
observed in Littondale and the drainage area of the Skirfare. 
We were fortunate in having the assistance of the Rev. W. A. 
Shuffrey, who, on the Saturday evening, gave an interesting 
account of the ‘ Botany of Littondale.’ This was illustrated by 
herbarium specimens (including the Lady’s Slipper Orchid), 
and he afterwards invited the members to visit his delightful 
garden, which it was a pleasure to see. 
My own observations were directed mainly to plant assocta- 
tions and their distribution in relation to soils, the results of 
which will be published in a future paper. Lists of species 
have also been kindly supplied by Mr. J. Beanland (85 species) 
and by Mr. C. Waterfall (74 species). 
In the neighbourhood of the village striking plants by the 
river side were Myrrhis odorata and Senecio saracentcus, the 
latter a garden outcast by Cowside Beck. The fields and lanes 
were purple with Geranium pratense, while other conspicuous 
plants were Cnicus heterophyllus and Campanula latifolia. 
Gerantum lucidum decorated the walls, and in a rough pasture 
on the drift was an abundance of Colchicum autumnale. 
Among the rarer plants met with were Saxz/raga umbrosa, 
S. atzotdes, and Polemontum ceruleum. 
In the woods on the steep drift-covered slopes below the 
Scars, Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) was the dominant tree. Hazel is 
also abundant, and here were noted Mountain Ash, Hawthorn, 
Whitebeam, Larch, Zuonyvmus europaeus and Viburnum opulus. 
The mixed soils here, together with the shelter afforded by the 
trees, give support to a rich and varied undergrowth. The 
following are among the species noted : — 
Anemone nemorosa. | Geranium sanguineum. 
Aquilegia vulgaris. Se sylvaticum. 
Actea spicata. oe Robertianum. 
Hypericum hirsutum, Spirea Ulmaria. 
* © Geological Distribution of Vegetation in Yorkshire ; Harrogate and 
Skipton District, 1903. Smith and Rankin.’ 
Naturalist, 
