356 REPORT -1890. 
deposition of the Bunter Pebble Beds, but during the deposition of the 
Permians themselves, lines of erosion occurring at more than one horizon, 
represented by bands of exceedingly coarse sand and conglomerate ; 
westward the denudation has been extreme, and such of the Permian 
strata as have been preserved are probably present through being thrown 
down by contemporaneous faulting. The section at Gateacre in Child- 
wall Vale was given in the last report. The boring was made for the 
Liverpool Corporation Waterworks; it is situated 500 yards from the 
- Bellevale boring, and 1,100 yards from the Netherlee boring of the 
Widnes Waterworks, both of which are in soft millet-seed-grained red 
sandstone ; but at Gateacre the beds, though occurring between these 
two wells, both of which yield exceedingly large supplies of water, were 
not water-bearing, and belong to the Pebble Beds, which rest directly on 
the Coal-measure at a depth of 435 feet, the latter being bored into a 
further 54 feet. 
The Halewood boring of the Cheshire Lines Railway, given in the 
last report, in which 276 feet of marls occurred, specimens of which were 
examined microscopically by the late Mr. John A. Phillips, F.R.S., and 
found to contain a substance resulting from the decomposition of felspars, 
must now be referred to the Permian marls. This view is supported by 
the following section at Hale, three miles south of Halewood, and like it 
carried out by Messrs. Timmins of Runcorn. 
Feet. Feet. 
Turf and soil ‘ ‘ : , ; : aye: 
68 Soft red sandstone . % : ‘ F i . 64 
168 Fine bright red sandstone . 5 ‘ ; i . 100 
235 Red marl : f 2 (67 
Mr. A. Timmins, C.H., F.G. s. , very as oom out that the great 
thickness of the Permian. marl at Halewood may be deceptive, and due 
to the great faults to which it owes its preservation. ! 
Through the courtesy of Mr. D. M. F. Gaskin, M.1.C.E., Engineer to 
the St. Helens Corporation, I have had an opportunity of examining the 
cores brought up from their two last borings, described in the last Report. 
The section of the Kirby well there printed is taken from the beds passed 
through in the ‘Permanent Well,’ to a depth of 147 feet; the details 
following give the strata passed through in the adjacent boring from the 
bottom of the ‘ Pilot Shaft,’ in which an error occurs of 50 feet; ‘3524 
red sandstone with pebbles 52 feet,’ should read, ‘2024 red sandstone with 
pebbles 102 feet.’ 
The Kirby Waterworks consist of two wells, 150 feet in depth, 
connected by an adit, at from 135 to 144 feet from the surface, or 9 feet 
in height by 6 feet in width. The wells are 31 feet apart, the Pilot well 
being 31 feet to the N.N.W. of the Permanent well. From the bottom 
of the Pilot well a boring was carried 360 feet and 6 inches, or 510 feet 
6 inches from the surface, The first 80 feet had a diameter of 24 inches, 
the remainder being 18 inches. The following is the section of the Pilot 
well and boring :— 
Ft. in. Ft. in. 
1 6 Topsoil. ; 5 : ; - . gs 
5 0 Clay : f : ; : : ‘ : of MEO 
7 O Red sand : : ; ; : eee 0.) 
13 3 Red sandstone 6 3 
* Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc. 1888-9. 
