ON THE MANURE GRAVELS OF WEXFORD. 415 
operations conducted by them and described in the ‘Rep. Brit. Ass. 
Adv. Se. 1857-59,’ should be regarded as recent or fossil. Of nearly 200 
species of shells recorded, a very few were found living, and of the 
remainder it is hard to discriminate between those which are certainly 
only found living in boreal waters at the present day, and those asso- 
ciated with them here, their condition and general appearance being so 
much alike. Furthermore, at least 35 of the species are only known 
in the N. E. Irish seas from this one locality, and 85 (excluding 
those to be presently quoted) have no representatives in any of the 
estuarine clays or other fossiliferous deposits of the mainland. 
Writing to me some twenty-five years back, when sending a parcel of 
his dredgings, Mr. Waller expressed the opinion that many of the shells 
were fossil, and not recent; and having had since then, through the 
kindness of Mr. Stewart, the opportunity of working out a quantity of 
Mr. Hyndman’s material, and inspecting his collection in the Belfast 
Museum, I have had anusual facilities for examination of the débris, 
and have arrived at the same conclusion. 
Polyzoa are plentiful, both free and adnate, a circumstance uneyualled 
elsewhere in Ireland in any post-tertiary deposit, and are now under 
examination. Fish, Crustacea, and Corals are rare, but Balani, Annelids, 
and Echinoderms fairly plentiful. Amongst the latter occur Echino- 
cyamus pusillus, Echinus esculentus, EH. miliaris, H. Flemingii, and 
another species, Amphidetus cordatus, &c. A list will be published when 
the species are fully determined. 
In addition to the boreal species given in the following list there are 
others, such as Loripes lacteus, E. rosea, Trochus striatus, Rissoa stria- 
tula, and-Adeorbis subcarinata, of a southern origin, not known elsewhere 
in the north-east seas. The latter was not unfrequent in the Portrush 
beds, and the presence of Trochus Duminyi and other forms, more or 
less southern in origin, in Bundoran Bay may indicate an extension 
northwards of southern influences, of which the Bundoran fauna is a 
reminiscence. 
The undermentioned boreal species are certainly fossil, whatever 
may be the case in respect to the other mollusca. 
Acirsa borealis. Molleria costulata. 
Buccinum cyaneum. Natica affinis. 
Cerithium metula. »  greenlandica. 
Cerithiopsis costulata. »  islandica. 
a pulchella. Pleurotoma Trevelyana. 
Columbella Holbdllii (rosacea). Puncturella Noachina. 
Margarita cinerea. Trophon clathratus. 
a5 greenlandicus. 
In addition to the species already recorded from the bank in the 
Reports of the Belfast Dredging Committee 1857-69 I find Anomia 
patelliformis, Mytilus phaseolinus, Thracia distorta, two or three Chitons, 
Buccinum undatum, also Fusus islandicus and Terebratulina caput-ser- 
pentis, and the dorsal valve of an allied species which does not seem to have 
been described, and a Trochus near to T’. Montacuti which may be foreign. 
I also find a small West Indian shell, Planaxis lineata, not uncom- 
mon elsewhere on the Irish coast, a Tellina, Sportella carnaria, also 
W. Indian, and an exotic Cylichna. The occurrence of so many exotic 
shells as are recorded from the western side of the Irish Sea is a matter 
deserving further investigation. The co-existence of northern and 
