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ON THE MANURE GRAVELS OF WEXFORD. 421 
Cardium norvegicum (C. elonga- Saxicava arctica. 
tum). Syndosmya tenuis (Tellimya t.). 
Circe minima. Tapes pullastra. 
Cyprina islandica. Venus casina. 
Lasea rubra (Anatina ovalis). p fasciata. 
Lima hians. Ay ovata. 
Lucina borealis. A gallina. 
Mactra elliptica. cS verrucosa. 
»,  subtruncata. Venerupis irus. 
» truncata. 
psa Bingham, Land Shells. 
Mytilus edulis (var. incurvata). 
Montacuta ferruginosa. Carychium minimum. 
Nucula nucleus (N. margaritacea). Clausilia biplicata. 
oF tenuis. A rugosa. 
Ostrea edulis. Helix fulva (H. trochilus). 
Pandora inzequivalvis. »  pulchella(H. paludosa). 
Pecten opercularis. (Zonites) crystallinus. 
“6 pusio (P. distortus). Pupa pygmeza. 
a varius. >»  Venetzii. 
Pectunculus glycimeris. Zua lubrica. 
The few polyzoa are Cellaria fistulosa, Cellepora pumicosa, and 
Lepralia ventricosa. Caryophyllia clava is a rare coral only found at 
Portrush. 
The foregoing references embrace all the horizons and most if not all 
of the fossiliferous post-tertiary deposits of the eastern side of Ireland, and 
_ the lists of fossils are as complete as I have been able to make them. 
Passing them in review, and omitting species still living in the Irish 
Seas, a not inconsiderable list of 47 species calls for some notice as to the 
means whereby this fauna or rather the remains of several came into this 
area and on this side of the Irish Sea since not more than 10 or 12 occur 
on the English side. Looking over the appended synopsis of these exotic 
shells, 29 are found in the Wexford gravels, including 5 species whose 
habitat is unknown. All are probably extinct, and 7 species now live only 
in the Mediterranean Seas. With these are associated 17 of boreal or Arctic 
origin. In the next stage at Ballybrack the southern fauna falls to 5 and 
the northern to 5. This may be due however to the very limited area of 
ground remaining for research. At Ballyrudder, in the gravels, all are 
northern as they are in the glacial N.H. clays, which latter are probably 
the equivalents of the Clydian deposits, Bute, and similar deposits in 
West Scotland, the fauna being almost the same, so far as 6 out of the 
7 Irish species are concerned. From the presence of Leda arctica and 
abyssicola in the Balbriggan bed, it might be placed on the same level as 
the underlying and older glacial clays of Scotland yielding the most arctic 
of Scottisn faunas; but this is as yet uncertain, as the condition and 
preservation of the respective faunas and the nature of the matrix they are 
contained in are entirely different. 
Of the Turbot Bank nothing definite can be said. Similar banks are re- 
ported on the Dalkey and Killiney side of Dublin Bay; fauna all dead, but 
not containing any of the boreal species of the Turbot Bank, only such as are 
found in the Bay at the present time. One species, Columbella Holbdllii, 
not uncommon on the Turbot Bank, links it with Balbriggan on the one 
hand, and again to the Scottish beds at Lochaber. The estuarine and later 
deposits offer nothing for discussion, exotic species not finding place in 
them, the faunas only indicating considerable earth movements, and 
ecsequent incoming, outgoing, and shifting of species. 
