546 REPORT—1890. 
the trunks of trees and elegantly carved; out of trunks of trees they 
make their beehives too, blocking up the ends with cakes of dung. Their 
bees they always take with them to the mountains, and they boil the wax 
and honey together, making cakes resembling soap, which they eat. 
The men of some of these tribes wear very pretty loose blue jackets 
embroidered with gold, and carry narrow-handled guns beautifully chased, 
and with the barrel decorated with six or seven bands of silver. 
The Bosdans, or followers of Bosadan Oglon, are another tribe, but of 
distinctly the same origin as the Afshars, and, I imagine, come from the 
same stock. Their women wear the same costume, only that they have 
large, circular, gold ornaments at each ear, and are altogether more lavish 
in the number of ornaments which they contrive to fasten on to the 
ourmeh, or false plait, which hangs down their back. 
The women of these tribes are great workers, and produce a great 
number of the gelims, or coarse carpets, inferior indeed to the Karamanian 
carpets made by the Yourouks, but very effective when the patterns are 
elaborate and the colours well blended; in every wicker house is the 
loom, with holes in the ground where the legs of the woman at work 
disappear to work the pedals. By the Jeihan, the ancient Pyramus, the 
tribes have great quantities of buffaloes and rude carts, with large round 
wheels, made out of one piece of wood, with the axle passed through. 
At Hemita-kaleh the resemblance to Chinese was very marked. A 
man without his fez, with the front part of his hair shaved close, and left 
to grow long behind, with his yellow skin, high cheek-bones, and almond- 
shaped eyes, would pass very well for an inhabitant of the Celestial 
Empire. Many of these Afshars claim to reach a greatage. We were 
shown one who said he was 121, and could walk well; the only point, 
however, which is certain is that longevity is common amongst them. 
At Bodroum our home again was a hovel built out of wattled bam- 
boos, and covered on the inside with pats of manure, which they white- 
wash and decorate with rude patterns in henna. Here, again, they are 
Afshars, but the women wear a different costume—red leather shoes to 
keep off the snakes, red baggy trousers, blue skirt, and red satin jacket, 
a fez bound round with lace, and splendid gold ornaments at each ear, 
and a frontlet of coins. 
At Bodroum are the extensive ruins of an ancient city, on a slope 
about three-quarters of a mile from the Pyramus. These ruins are full 
of nomads ; one family lives in the ancient theatre, another in an ancient 
Christian church, another has taken possession of a tomb; and woe to 
anybody who wanders about unprotected—the dogs of the place are 
perfect demons. Appellatives are given to individuals, such as ‘the 
broken hand,’ ‘ the lame man,’ from misfortunes that have happened to 
them. ‘I'he owner of the theatre had had his leg and right arm damaged 
in a struggle with a leopard, and hence gained his distinguishing name. 
On the banks of the Pyramus they have fine fields of grain; when 
reaped and threshed they bury the grain in holes in the ground, cover it 
with straw, bushes, and earth, and keep it thus till wanted. This is a 
very ancient custom, common in classical days, when these holes in the 
ground were called cyof. Our investigations at Bodroum eventually 
resulted in our discovering from several inscriptions that the ancient 
name of the place was Hieropolis Castabala. Strabo gives an account of 
the priestesses of Artemis Perasia, who here walked over burning coals 
unhurt. Many commentators have tried to argue that for Perasia should 
