, 
1 
ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 563 
Among the consonants the following additional letters have been 
used: g', a very guttural g, similar to gr; k, a very guttural i, similar 
to kr; q, the German ch in bach; u, the German ch in ich; @, be- 
tween g and H; c=sh in shore; ¢, as th in thin; tl, an explosive 1; 
dl, a palatal J, pronounced with the back of the tongue (dorso-apical). 
I THE LKU’NGEN. 
The Lku/figen are generally known by the name of Songish. They 
inhabit the south-eastern part of Vancouver Island. They belong to the 
Coast Salish, a group of tribes of the Salish stock (see Fifth Report of 
Committee, p. 804). They are called Lki’men by the Snanai/mug. Their 
language is called the Lkuiigé/nrn. The same language, with very slight 
dialectic peculiarities, is spoken by the Qsa’nite (Sanitch) of Sanitch 
Peninsula and on the mainland, south of Fraser River; the Sa/ok of 
Sooke Inlet and the Tla’/lam on the south side of Juan de Fuca Straits. 
The name of ‘ Songish’ is derived from that of one of their septs, the 
StsA/igus, who live south-west of Victoria. 
Hovusrs anp Boats. 
The Lku’figen use the long houses of the Coast Salish. In British 
Columbia this type of house is used on the west coast of Vancouver 
Island, on the east coast, south of Comox, and on the coast of the 
mainland. In the upper part of the Fraser River delta subterranean 
houses of the same type as those used in the interior of the province are 
used. The framework of the house consists of heavy carved uprights 
which carry heavy cross-beams. The uprights are generally rectangular 
(u, figs. 1,2). The cross-beams, ¢, are notched, so as to fit on the top of 
Fig. 1—Plan of Lku/igrEn House. 
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the uprights. The uprights which are nearest the sea are a little higher 
than those on the opposite side. The higher one of the long sides of the 
