570 REPORT—1890. 
cannot use a middle-class name, a middle-class man cannot use a noble- 
man’s name. Here are afew examples :— 
Stsa’/iiges nobility names : 
Males: Qtci/tlem, Enqii/im, Tilsk‘é/inmm. 
Females; QupQoa’p, 'T's’Elé’qoya. 
Tcik‘au’/atc common men: Ctcad’satl, Ham. 
I was unable to ascertain the derivation of any of these names. 
Common people may rise tothe rank of the riddle class by giving feasts, 
but middle-class people can never become noblemen. Wealth gives per- 
sonal distinction only, not inheritable rank. The children of middle- 
class people are born common people. In order to raise their rank their 
parents or uncles give a feast, and distribute a certain amount of property in 
their behalf. By this means they become middle-class people, and are given 
a middle-class name. There is a complete scale of names, each being higher 
in rank than the other. By giving a number of festivals the child’s rank 
can be raised higher and higher, until it obtains a high position among the 
middle class. In the same way the children of noblemen are given names 
of chiefs of higher and higher rank. The nobility have the privilege of 
dancing with masks. 
The Lku’/igen gentes have no crests, particularly not the Sqoa’/éqoé, 
which belongs to a number of tribes of the Coast Salish; the Catlo/ltq, 
Snanai’muQ, K:oa/ntlem, and probably several others. In one house in 
Victoria the mink (fig. 4) is found carved on the upright. It does not 
belong, however, to the Lku’‘figrn, but the owner’s wife, who belongs to a 
Cowitchin family, gave it to her husband when they were married. The 
couple have an only daughter, who will inherit this crest. 
The chief of the tribe (sii’m) belongs, of course, to the nobility. 
When giving a great ‘ potlatch ’ to his own and neighbouring tribes, which 
is his privilege, he stands on a scaffold which is erected in front of his 
house and lets his daughter or son dance by his side before distributing 
the property. The elevation of the scaffold may be seen in fig. 2. In 
case of war, chiefs are forbidden to fight in the front ranks, but are care- 
fally protected, as their death would be considered a severe loss to the 
tribe. 
After the death of the chief the chieftaincy devolves upon his eldest 
son. If he has none his younger brother and his descendants succeed 
him. A daughter or a son-in-law cannot succeed him. The new chief 
takes the name of the deceased, and when doing so has to give a great 
festival. 
In war a war-chief is elected from among the warriors. War expeditions 
are confined to nightly assaults upon villages. Open battles are avoided. 
An expedition on which many men are lost, even if successful in its 
object, is considered a great misfortune to the tribe. Fires are burnt on 
mountains to notify distant villages or individuals that some important 
event has taken place. 
Slaves were held by all classes. They were either captives or pur- 
chased from neighbouring tribes. 
If a man has offended a foreign tribe, all members of his own tribe are 
liable to be seized upon, being held responsible for all actions of any one 
member. Therefore it is considered condemnable to offend a member of 
a foreign tribe, and when, for instance, a man has stolen something from 
a foreign tribe, and is found outby his own people, the chief will compel him 
ae wath 
