eS Se 
ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 597 
| = LA Zee tee ee ee ee 
2 SS i222 2S See 
(an Se See iets 
Sas 
u- @ na uw wa u - take- - 
= 57 > Sai Jn J = Ouse ae. 
— ya - ho- 6 koa a hak - koa 
A SA aes mek, Pie Sao aes AeGas 
SSS SSS Se == Pease ee 
= =o: o- wisi OOo isas SLs | 
a kis - tic - tak: - yu ho - a. 
During the conjuration they frequently wash their hands and warm 
them ata fire. It is told as a feat of a female conjurer that she gave her 
husband something to eat which she promised to extract again from out 
of his belly ; a feat which she is believed to have actually accomplished. 
Other shamans are said to be able to suck out arrows, bullets, and the 
like. In cases of fractures of bones they give the patient a mixture of 
ground human bones to drink, or spread it over the fractured place. 
They treat abscesses by massage or kneading, and open them and take 
out the matter. If the fish do not come in time, and the Indians are in 
want of food, a shaman makes an image representing a swimming fish, 
and puts it into the water in the direction in which the fish used to come, 
and it is believed that this means will induce them to come at once. He 
prays at the same time for the fish to come, and calls them. 
Hyery man, upon reaching maturity, may obtain a charm by continued 
fasting and bathing in ponds. When trying to ascertain how far back 
historical tradition extends, I was told the following by Tlutisim, a man 
about thirty years old, belonging to the Netcimi’asath sept: His great- 
grandfather’s orandfather—i. ae , five generations back—sat one night on 
his bed resting, but not sleeping, as hunters willdo. At midnight he 
heard someone singing on the beach. He went out to see who was ; there, 
_ and discovered a number of Ya/é—a fabulous people living in the woods— 
landing a sea-lion which they had caught. It is always a foreboding of 
good Inck to see those people. The man ran down to the beach, cried 
‘hé,’ and the Ya/é were transformed into sea-foam. He gathered it care- 
. fully, and hid it. It became his charm, and henceforth he was a great 
D at 
wd 
‘ 
and successful hunter. 
After death the soul becomes a ghost, which is called Tci/ha. The 
world of the souls is in the earth (Hita/kutla) ; but chiefs and good men 
who always prayed to the sun and moon go up to heaven (Hina’yitl). 
Those who are killed in war and have had their heads cut off have in 
after life their faces on their breasts. Drowned persons become spirits 
called Pu/kmis. They are generally invisible, and linger on the beach. 
Whenever they appear to men they are seen to shiver for cold. Ghosts 
have no bones; they produce nightmare by appearing in sleep; to see 
them causes sickness. 
In connection with these beliefs I may mention the following facts 
“which throw some light upon the ideas of the Nootka regarding the rela~ 
tion of soul and body. About twenty years ago a man lost his senses, 
