634 REPORT—1890. 
its circumference. These posts (1, figs. 20, 21) are about 6 or 7 feet 
high, and have a fork formed by a branch at their top, in which slanting 
beams rest (2), running from the edge of the pit over the fork to the 
centre, which, however, they do not reach. These beams consist of trees 
split in halves, and support the roof. Next, poles are laid from the edge 
of the pit to these beams, one on each side (3). Then heavy timbers are 
laid all around the pit; they are to serve as a foundation for the roof and 
run from the beams along the slanting poles (4). Thus the whole build- 
ing assumes approximately an octagonal form. On top of these timbers 
other timbers or poles are laid, the shorter the nearer they approach the 
centre of the pit and the higher parts of the beams (2) on which they 
rest. They are laid alternately on adjoining sides of the octagon, so 
Fiq@. 22.—Plan of Winter Lodge. 
that the poles of one side always rest on the ends of those of the neigh- 
bouring sides. This framework is continued up to the ends of the 
beams (2). Here a square opening or entrance-way, of the form of a 
chimney, is built, the logs being placed on top of each other in the same 
way as those of a log cabin. The whole roof is covered with bundles of 
hay, which are kept in place by means of poles (6) laid on top of the 
roof, between the beams. Finally, the whole structure is covered with 
earth. A ladder cut out of a tree ascends into the entrance, the steps 
being cut out of one side and going down to the bottom of the pit. The 
upper extremity of the ladder is flattened at both sides and provided 
with a notch, which is used for tying the moccasins to it which are not 
taken inside the dwelling. The fire is right at the foot of the ladder ; 
_the beds are in the periphery of the dwelling, behind the posts (1). 
Another kind of winter lodge is built on the following plan: A hole, 
