| 
pa Pe de) A ho ee 
ON ek ie le el oe 
ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 659 
I will go, ndguati lati. thou, yu? (in answer to, Who shall do it? 
Is that thou? sa’o ? I? Yes, thou !) 
thou, sd’wm (in reply to: Who 
said so ?) 
we (will do it), nd’guanugq. 
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN. 
The Kwakiutl language distinguishes four locations of objects which take the 
place of demonstrative pronouns. The location is expressed by suffixes, which are 
used with all classes of words. They are the following: 
K. H. 
Near speaker, --iha. —hy. 
Near person addressed, —wq. —Uuq. 
Distant, visible, —é. —a (@). 
Distant, invisible, —é’. —ats (éts). 
For instance : 
K. i, 
he (near speaker) is my father, hyé'men o'mpika. nésky au'mp. 
he (near person addressed) is my father, yii’mzn o'mpugq. né' sug au'mp. 
he (absent, visible) is my father, ha’meEn 0'mpé. né'sé au'mp. 
he (absent, invisible) is my father, ha'men o'mpé’. né'séts au'mp. 
The following is the independent demonstrative pronoun in the Kwakiutl dialect : 
he (near speaker), gyat. they (near speaker), gyaqdaoq. 
he (near person addressed), yit. they (near person addressed), yti/gdaoq. 
he (absent, visible and invisible), hét. they (absent, visible and invisible), hégdaoq. 
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN. 
The adjective possessive pronoun is derived from the article-pronoun. In the 
Kwakiutl dialect it has a number of separate forms, formed by one of the letters 
q, 8, ts, and the termination derived from the article-pronoun. It seems that g stands. 
for the subject and object, s and ¢s for the genitive and instrumentals. It is, how- 
ever, far from certain that this explanation is correct. The terminations are in the 
Kwakiutl dialect : 
Singular, 1st person, 2. Plural, 1st person, inclusive, nts. 
s 2nd, «= s — is. A Ys e exclusive, nuq. 
3 8rd » Ss. » 2nd ,, —is daog. 
» ord , —daogs. 
Generally the location of the object possessed, and in the third person also that 
of the possessor, is expressed by means of the demonstrative terminations. The 
latter is placed between the character of the pronoun (q, s, ts) and its termination, 
and is also affixed to the noun. The pronouns of the first person seem to take the 
demonstrative ending for ‘near the speaker’ only. 
Our (inclu- Our (exclu- 
— My father sive) father (sive) father 
Thy father | Your father 
RS 1 S agyints |qgyinug | ghy 
Near speaker .| qgyin d'mpika | qhy eg G!mpiky | o'mpiky a'sdaogihy 
Near personad-||_ -, S { gents qenugq qug 
dressed far" Oee | ae bet L ampug | o'mpuq dsdaoquy 
on afte Mf) gents qEnugd ap 
Absent, visible | gen d'’mpa g @'sa o'mpa a! mpa } q @'sdaoga 
EBM: 2 = tee * gent. ENtS 4 y 
Absent,invisible| gun d’mpé’ q a'sé Toanppet 12 a'mpe! \ q a'sdaoge' 
1 Gs, thy father ; dmp is a compound of the stem @ (from ama) and -emp desig- 
_ nating relationship. The latter evidently drops out in the second person. 
