. ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 663 
Kwakiutl Dialect. 
to kill, tlela'mas. 
_ stem of the verb: 
Singular 
Object 
1st person 2nd person 3rd pers. near speaker 
1st pers. sing. = —as gya'qEn —iku' gyd'gen 
GE ts ay —eEntlutl — —iknutl 
Me 53) a5 —eEntlakikn —asé'hikn —hyd'hikn 4 
1st pers. plur. incl. — _ —thu gya' gents 
Ist ,, ay) GESGlE — —as gyd'qenug -—tha gya' qenug 
end’ ,, a —daogentlutl — —daogikyutl 
ard. ,, at —daogentlak thu —daoqast'kikx* —daoghya' k:tkn 
Plural 
Object - = : 
1st pers. incl. | 1st person excl. 2nd person 3rd person 
1st pers. sing. — _— —daogas gya'qen |\—daogikn gyd'gen 
2nd ,, je — —Enuqitl — —daogikyttl® 
3rd_,, »| |—Entsak‘tha | —enuquaktku |—daogasthktka —|—daoghya'hiku' 
Ist ,, plur. — == _— tlétlelamasdaogikn 
incl. gya' gents § 
1st pers. plur. — — —daogas gyd'ge- \tlétlelamasdavgikn 
excl. nug® gya' qenug | 
2nd pers. ,, — — = tlétlzlamas 
daogiky ttl 
SEED ss. yy) 5_ 5 —daoqgasektku" |tlétlzlaimas- 
daoghya' ktkx* 
The characters of the tenses : —wtl for the past and —7¢Z for the future follow the 
we have killed thee, tlelamas'utlenu'qitl. 
we are going to kill thee, tlzelémastlenu'qitl. 
The transitive verb may be inflected by means of auxiliary verbs, in which case the 
latter are treated like an intransitive verb, while the verbal stem retains the incor- 
porated pronoun or is followed by the pronominal object. 
I have killed thee, 
thou hast killed me, 
lemeEn tlela'masitl. 
I have killed him (near me), demen tlela'maskthu. 
lexz!'ms tlela'mas gya'qen. 
1 The form for ‘ person near speaker’ is here given; for ‘near addressed person’ 
—éz or @’. 
the ending is —ug instead of —ikux; for absent, visible, —@; for absent, invisible, 
2 Also instead of the plural form with —daog with reduplication: ¢lélzla ma- 
| sase'hikn. 
8 Near person addressed: —ugiutl; absent, —zZitl. 
___ * Thevarious forms corresponding to the locations of subject and object correspond 
_ to those of the substantive possessive pronoun, third person (see p. 660). 
° These forms have the same ending as that with the object in 3rd (viz. 2nd) person 
singular, but is reduplicated : ¢létlzlamasxntsak‘?'ha, tlétlela'masenuqitl, and tlétlz- 
la masenugiak? ku. 
§ Or tlétlzla'masas gyd'qenugq. 
7 Or, if it does not appear from the context that the object is plural: t¢létZzlama- 
sasthi'hu. The forms of the subject, second person singular, object, third person 
identical ; it must be decided from the context what is meant. 
8 In this and the following form the verb must be reduplicated. 
plural, and subject, second person plural, object, third person singular and plural are 
