——-—7." 
a See 
ey Oe eS 
ae 
ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 669 
The terminal m and x are sonant and somewhat lengthened. In this dialect & 
takes generally the place of g of the northern dialects. 
GrRAmMatTiIcAL Nores. 
THE NOUN AND THE ADJECTIVE. 
The noun has a singular and plural. The latter is formed by the suffix —mezna. 
In a few cases it is formed by reduplication, epenthesis, or dizresis, 
fire, 2/nik; pl. 2't’inik and i/nikmena. 
house, mahté; pl. mama/hté. 
village, ma'utl; pl. ma'mautl. 
common man, m6é’steim; pl. maid'stcima. 
child, ta'na ; pl. ta'tnéis (—is, diminutive). 
canoe, tea'pats ; pl. tceya'pats and tedpatsmEna. 
man, kés; pl. kd'os. 
man, tce'hup ; pl. tea'hupéa. 
island, ted'ok; pl. tea'teak. 
woman, tlo'tsma; pl. tlotsama. 
chief, ted'mata ; pl. te’ated'mata. 
I am not quite certain whether this is really a plural or whether it is rather a 
distributive. In a number of cases I found the singular form applied where we should 
expect the plural; p.c., all the men, tedd’te tcz'kup. My impression is that -mzna 
is a real plural, while the amplified stem is actually a distributive. The exceptions 
given above may be explained by assuming that the distributive is used instead 
of the plural. This opinion is supported by the fact that any noun when it is clearly 
distributive has.a form corresponding to the exceptions given above. This becomes 
clear in compounds of parts of the body that are double. We find, for instance, in 
compounds with -nwk, hand: 
bones of hands, haha'mutnuku'm; from ha'mat, bone. 
flesh of hands, ts'ish-tsésnuku'm ; »  ts'i'sk-mis, flesh. 
second fingers, teté'itsnuku'm ; » ta'ia, elder brother. 
skin of hand, tutw'k-oak:nukw'm ; », tw'koak’, skin. 
strong-handed, na'cnaknuk » na'cuk, strong. 
The plural of adjectives with the verbum substantivum is formed in the same 
way: 
sick, ¢2’itl; pl. tatéitl. 
long, id’: ; » d'iak’. 
large, th; sameerive 
(See p. 671, Inflection of the Verb.) 
NUMERALS. 
CARDINAL NUMBERS. 
J nup. 1 man, ts’0'wak. 9 ts’o’wakutl. 100 site’é’k:, 
2 a’tla. 10 hai’a. 120 nod’p’ok:. 
3 k-a/tstsa. 11 hai’t ic ts’6’wak. 140 a'tlpok. 
4 mo. 20 tsa'k-éits. 160 a’tlakutlék:. 
5 st'tca, 30 tsa’kéits ic hai’a. 180 ts’o’/wakutlé’k-, 
6 nd'po. 40 atlé’k. 200 hai’uk:. 
7 a’tlpo. 60 k-atstsé’k:. 1000 suatec’ék-pEtak:. 
8 a’tlakutl. : 80 moyé’k-. 
The system of numerals is quinary vigesimal. Eight and nine are respectively 
two and one less than ten. 
The numerals take suffixes which denote the objects counted. Besides the class 
_ Suffixes for round, long, flat objects, days, fathoms, the numerals may take any of the 
noun and verbal suffixes (see p. 676). The numerals are all derived from the same 
stems, the sole exception being one, ts’d'wak, which is applied to men only. Itisa 
curious fact that in counting objects other than men derivatives of ts’o'vak are used 
for nine and twenty. 
