ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 671 
The stem it- is composed with suffixes denoting locality to form demonstrative 
pronouns, which are very numerous : 
hitapois, that one underneath on beach. 
hitahs, that one in canoe. 
hititi, that one in house. &c. 
THE VERB. 
INDICATIVE. 
— Present Imperfect Perfect 
1st person singular ha-wknah ha-uhitah ha-ukz'tlah 
2nd_s,, BS ha-uhoe'its ha-uhitéits ha-uketlé'its 
Brd. ~5, - ha-whma ha-ukitma 
Ist » plural ha-ukwi'ne ha-uhkiti'ne &e. 
2nd_sCy, a ha-ukoé' itso ha-uhité'itso 
mr © 5, =p ha-w' kmatl ha-ukitatl 
—_— Plusquam Perfectum Future Futurum Exactum 
Ist person singular ha-uketlitah ha-uka'k-tlah ha-uka'ktlitah 
2nd » ” 
ard ” 
pj ist ,, plural &e. &e. &e. 
 |2nd ,, ” 
Bi srd ,, ” 
‘ There are four principal tenses, from which the others are derived: Present, 
_ Imperfect, Perfect, Future. The first is derived from the stem; the second has the 
_ character -it; the third, -z¢t7; the fourth, ak-tl. 
: In the plural forms the stem of the verb may be amplified by reduplication 
_ dizeresis, or epenthesis, as the case may be. 
Present. 
1st person plural, hduknine and hawakamine. 
2nd ,, »  ha-ukoé'itsd ,, hdwakamé'itso. 
Dd — 5, » ha-whmatl ,, hawva'kamaatl and hanva'kama. 
} 
: Or, from ¢2’itl, sick: 
4 1st person plural, ¢2't¢line and tatéitli'ne 
a 
Other plurals of verbs are: 
a not to know, hayi'mhe ; pl. ha'hazemhe. 
Y to sleep, wa'-ite ; 3 Ad ite. 
’ awake, tlu'pha ; » tlo'yupha. 
" to sneeze, to'p’itscitl ; » totop’itscitl. 
When the stem of the verb ends with a vowel, m is inserted between stem and 
ending. It may also be used after the character of the perfect -ztl. : 
not to see, ted'tné. we eat, hawakami'ne. 
I do not see, tea/tnémah. I have eaten, ha-uhz'tlah and ha-ukz'tlmah. 
When the stem of the verb ends in p the latter is transformed into m when 
followed by a vowel, except in the case of the perfect : 
to know, ka'métap. I know, himétamd’/h. I have known, kaémétapetla'h. 
The perfect is used frequently where we should expect the present tense. The 
imperfect is used in describing past events, The meaning of the other tenses needs 
no explanation. 
