yw 
ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 
679 
Kwakiutl Nootka 
snow huit'sa hot's, 
root tla'paku tlo'p'ate. 
wedge tla'nut tla'nut. 
mother abo'h amako' (Nitinath). 
hollow opening ak: ak. 
not (wyt, (hYt, (hnye (wt, (A)i. 
to jump tug— tug— 
one NEM nup. 
two matl atla. 
four mit mo. 
five shy’a sii'tca. 
seven atlilii' a'tlpo. 
times —pennit, H. —pit. 
—pana, K. 
While many of these may be loan-words, it is highly improbable that any of the 
suffixes should be borrowed. 
3. Pronouns : 
Kwakiutl Nootka 
I, no' gua sé/ya. 
thou, stem: sd so'wa. 
we, no'guants. nena. 
no'wa, Kayo'kath. 
Personal suffives of verb, indicative: 
Kwakiutl Nootka 
I; —niogua, H. —-in, K. —s(ie), Tl. —ah Ts. 
thou, —sd, H. —xs, K. —itsk, Tl. —Zits, Ts. 
we, —rEn(ts) —En(uq). —nic, Tl. —ine, Ts. 
you, —itsd, H. —itsic, Tl. —éitsd, Ts. 
4. The formation of the collective form of nouns, of plural of verbs, the in- 
flection of adverbs accompanying verbs instead of the verb is the same in these two 
languages and in the Salish. (The exclusive use of suffixes is not found in the 
latter.) The peculiar use of the negation in compounding words is also common to 
_ the two languages. 
5. The phonetics are probably the same ; the few instances in which a word begins 
with several consonants in Kwakiutl seem all to be due to an elimination of vowels, 
and these words are found in very rare instances only in the southern dialect. 
The similarity of structure of the two languages is far-reaching. The words 
which may be referred to the same root are so numerous, considering the small 
amount of available material, that the conclusion seems justified that both have 
sprung from the same stock. 
THE SALISH LANGUAGES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
As at least one Salish language, the Salish proper, is comparatively well known, 
through the efforts of the Jesuit missionaries,' I confine myself to a few brief re- 
marks on the languages belonging to this stock. I select the Bilqula, Snanaimug, 
_ Shushwap, Stla‘tlumy, Okana’k-én, as representing the principal types of the great 
Mg 
5 
number of dialects. 
Bilqula. ies 
The plural of nouns is formed in various ways: 
1. Singular and plural have the same form: beaver, hdl0'n. 
deer, supani'tl. 
stone, tgt. 
2. The plural is formed by the suffix —wks: woman, sing. xnac, pl. una'cuks. 
is 13 4 —tH: man, sing. ¢/’u'msta, pl. t?’umsta'tz. 
4, 5 7 », reduplication: tree, sing. stn, pl. stntn. 
1 See Mengarini’s Grammatica Lingue Selice ; Giorda, Dictionary of the Calispeln. 
