ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 681 
Distributive, Diminutive. 
whale, k:w'nes. hohud'nis. = 
raven, spal spelpa' l. — 
crow, k:zla' kha kelk-nla'ka. — 
river, std’lo. stulta’lo. sta’'trld. 
salmon, stzd'atltzm stseltsa'atltnn. sted'tsrlatltrn. 
post, k-a/k-nn. ki'lak-rn. hak heen. 
frog, wu'qas. haunwe'qas. me wegas. 
flower, spa'k:zm. spa'lakem. spa'phem, 
house, la/lzm. lali'lzem. lé'lem. 
An augmentative is formed by similar processes: snu'quitl, boat ; snd'quétl, large 
boat. 
The numerals have two classes; one for counting men, the other for all other 
objects : 
Counting Men 
1, nz'ts’a. nanEts’a. 
sf 2, yisa'le. ya'isEla. 
" 3, tléq. tlquii'la. 
4, qad'cEn. qacda'la. 
; 5, tlhd'tsxs. tlh-atsi'la. 
_ The numerals are not frequently combined with nominal affixes, as is the case in 
the dialects of the interior. 
Personal pronouns: 
I, dns. we, tetiné'metl. 
thou, nd’wa. you, tetlve'lap. 
he (present), ¢¢d. they (present) m. and f., tsa@'7éi. 
he (absent), hed. they (absent) m. and f., ¢d’let. 
she (present), ¢d. 
she (absent), 2tld. 
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN. 
Singular Plural 
Present Absent Present Absent 
J Mase. tsen hoz Masc. tse—tst keu—tst 
my * (Fem. ¢en ktls oe | Fem. sz—tst tle—tst 
| th J Mase. tsa’xs hed'rs can J Mase. tsa’z—lap h’un—lap 
\ Fem. sd’zs htld' zs y { Fem. sda’z—lap ksen—lap 
his SJ Mase. tsz—sta kgz—s thei Mase. tse—stla'léi| hen--sta' lei 
L Fem. ¢z—stea ktlz—s Fem. se—stla'léi tlz ---stsd'léi 
f Mase. tse—s¢a kgzp—s 
her | Fem. ¢z—s¢ii htle—s 
THE VERB. 
The verb is inflected either by means of suffixes or by auxiliary verbs. The tenses 
e expressed by suffixes, —Z¢7 denoting the past, —tsxn the future. 
sick : present k"a'k’'éi, future k"ak’@'itsEn, past k’ak"é'iétl. 
_ Verbs form a plural as well as nouns; it is, however, not always used, the plural 
‘boing expressed sufficiently clearly by the suffixes. In solemn speeches the plural 
‘forms are always used : 
; Sick Present Future Past 
| Singular, 1st person kak’ @i-tsen k'ak’6/i-tsEn-tsE kak" éi-atl-tsen 
mn» 5 kak" i-(£)tc k’'ak"éi-tsEn-(E)te kak" Gi-étl-(E)te 
amd ys kv’ak’@/i k"ak’’@/i-tsen kak” éi-étl 
Plural, 1st ,, k’a(ijk"@i-tst k"a(i)k”’@'i-tsEn-tst k"a(i)k*’6i-étl-tst 
Qnd ,, k"a(i)k *Gi-()tsiip k’a(i)k”éi-tsEn-(E)tsiip e ’a(i)k” éi-étl-(z)tsap 
3rd, k’aik’ Gh | k’aik’éi-tszn k"aik” éi*-étl 
1890. YY 
