688 REPORT—1 890. 
These brief notes will suffice to give an idea of the general character 
of the various dialects of the Salish languages. The principal points of 
difference are the following. The Bilqula and the Coast Salish have a 
pronominal gender, masculine and feminine, and distinguish throughout 
presence and absence. The Shushwap has exclusive and inclusive forms 
of the first person plural, and a remarkably great number of irregular 
plurals. The Okana’k’én and Stla/tlemy have none of these peculiarities, 
The Ntlakya’pamuq resembles the Stla’tlemu in its structure. It seems 
that incorporation of nouns is carried to a far greater extent in the 
dialects of the interior than in those of the coast (see Vocabulary). All 
the Salish dialects use auxiliary verbs in inflecting the verb. 
TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP OF THE SALISH LANGUAGES. 
It is rather interesting to compare the systems of terms of relation- 
ship in various groups of Salish people, as the systems are fundamentally 
different. Among the Coast Salish, to whom the Lku’figmn belong, 
there is no distinction between relations in the male and in the female 
line. Relations of males and females are designated by the same term. 
While brothers and sisters of both parents are designated as uncles and 
aunts, their wives and husbands are styled ‘acquired fathers and mothers.’ 
Cousins are termed and considered brothers, although there exists also a 
separate name for the relationship. Brothers’ and sisters’ grandchildren 
are termed grandchildren. The most peculiar features of the Salish 
system of relationship, particularly among the Coast Salish, is the use of 
distinct terms for indirect affinities, when the intermediate relation is 
alive and when he is dead. This seems to imply that after the death of 
the intermediate relative the mutual relation between the two indirect 
relatives undergoes a change. 
I give here a table of terms of relationships representing the system 
of the Coast Salish. It is taken from the Sk‘q6’mic dialect. 
I. DIRECT RELATIONSHIP. 
Great-great-great-grandparent, ha-wknwiyuk' great-great-great-grandchild. 
great-great-grandparent, ts’d'peyuk- great-great-grandchild. 
great-grandparent, ste’a'mik: great-grandchild. 
JS father, mother, = child, 
5 Luncle, aunt ti LEE TP nephew, niece 
min, father, MEN, child. 
tci'ca, mother, sé’entl, eldest child. 
a'nontate, second child. 
meEntcé'tcit, third child, 
sa/ut, youngest child. 
hupkuo'pits, )rothers, sisters, and cousins together. 
some, brother, | father’s ) jf brother’s : 
tuo'pits, elder sister, f’ {mother’s f elder § sister’ 3 }enita. 
brother,| _f father’s J brother's 
sister, |’ { mnother’s Younger Lsister’s 
snte’o'itl, cousin. 
séel, gran 
shah, younger } child. 
II. INDIRECT RELATIONSHIP. 
1. INTERMEDIATE RELATIVE ALIVE. 
- . J father’s ) {brother a brother’s i 
aa Nese JS (sister : ~ cath, | Sister's }cnita, 
