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TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 793 
important a bearing on geography and history ; but I would, in passing, just note 
that these too often admit of experimental illustration, such for instance as the 
well-known methods of imitating the rock folding caused by earth-movements. 
I would add that wherever in speaking of school teaching, I have used the word 
‘hoy,’ that word must of course be taken to include ‘ girl’ as well. 
In conclusion I should like to give you an outline of the kind of course I 
endeavour to adopt in more advanced teaching in the case of students who are 
working at other subjects as well and can give only a part of their time to geology, 
‘During the first year the lectures and bookwork should deal with physical geology. 
In the laboratory the student should first make the acquaintance of the commoner 
rock-forming minerals, the means of recognising them by physical characters, 
blowpipe tests, and the simpler methods of qualitative analysis, and may then go 
on to work at the commoner kinds of rocks and the elements of microscopic 
petrography. During the summer months I would take him into the field, but 
not do more than impress upon him some of the broader aspects of outdoor work, 
such as the connection between physical feature and geological structure. 
During a second year stratigraphical geology should be lectured upon and 
studied from books, and so much of animal morphology as may be necessary for 
paleontological purposes should be mastered. The practical work would lie mainly 
among fossils, with a turn every now and again at mineralogy and petrology to 
keep these subjects going. Out of doors I would not yet let the student attempt 
geological mapping, but would put into his hands a geological map and descriptions 
of the geology of his neighbourhood, and he would be called upon to examine in 
minute detail all accessible sections, collect and determine fossils, and generally see 
how far he can verify by his own work the observations of those who have gone 
before him. 
Indoor work during the third year would be devoted to strengthening and 
widening the knowledge already gained. Out of doors the student should attempt 
the mapping of a district by himself. It will be well, if there is any choice in the 
matter, to select one in which the physical features are strongly marked. 
This sketchy outline must serve to indicate the notions that have grown up in 
my mind on the subject now before us, and the methods I have been led to adopt 
in-the teaching of geology. I trust that they may be suggestive, and may call 
forth that kindly and genial criticism with which the brotherhood of the hammer 
are wont to welcome attempts, however feeble, to strengthen the corner-stones 
and widen the domain of the science we love so well, and to enlarge the number of 
its votaries. 
The following Papers were read :— 
1. On the Gigantic Ceratopside (or Horned Dinosaurs) of North America. 
By Professor O. C. Marsu. 
In this paper the author gave the principal characters of the huge horned 
Dinosaurs which he had recently secured from the Laramie formation of North 
America. These reptiles differ widely from any other known Dinosaurs, and he 
has placed them in a distinct family, the Ceratopside.' 
The geological horizon in which tbey are found is in the Upper Cretaceous, and 
has now been traced nearly eight hundred miles along the eastern side of the 
Rocky Mountains. It is marked almost everywhere by remains of these reptiles, 
and hence the strata containing them have been called the Ceratops beds. They 
are freshwater or brackish deposits, which form a part of the so-called Laramie, 
but are below the uppermost beds referred to that group. In some places they 
rest upon marine beds which contain invertebrate fossils characteristic of the Fox 
Aiills deposits. 
' The fossils associated with the Ceratopside are mainly Dinosaurs, representing 
1 American Journal of Science, 3rd series, vol. xxxvi. p. 477, December 1888. See 
also vol. xxvii. p. 334, April 1889 ; vol. xxviii. p. 173, August 1889; p. 501, December 
1889 ; and vol. xxxix. p. 81, January 1890; p. 418, May 1890. 
1890. 3F 
