TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 795 
2. The skull surmounted by massive horn-cores. 
3. The expanded parietal crest with its marginal armature. 
4, The teeth with two distinct roots. 
5, The anterior cervical vertebree co-ossified with each other. 
6. The posterior dorsal vertebree supporting on the diapophysis both the head 
and tubercle of the rib. 
The Ceratopside resemble, in various points, the Stegosauria of the Jurassic, 
especially in the vertebrae, limbs, and feet. The greatest difference is seen in the 
skull, but the pelvic arch also shows a wide divergence. In the Ceratopside there 
is no marked enlargement of the spinal cavity in the sacrum, and there is no 
postpubis. 
In conclusion, the author stated that on this group of Dinosaurs he had in 
preparation an illustrated memoir, which would be published by the United States 
Geological Survey. 
2. The Carboniferous Strata of Leeds and its immediate suburbs. 
By Bensamin Houeate, £.G.S. 
As is well known, Leeds stands in an enviable position as regards its minerals. 
Situated as it is on the lower coal measures, it is rich in coarse and fine building 
and monumental stone of the greatest durability, of stone suitable for some 
kinds of grindstones, and of iron ores of such quality that it has taken steel to even 
_ partially displace the iron made from it. Another industry has arisen, nanzely, 
that of brickmaking, which places us in a better position than perhaps any other 
town for making a minute investigation of a great section of measures as exposed 
in its open clay quarries. The bricks are made, not from any particular seam or 
bed, but from all the strata by mixing and grinding together the most siliceous, 
_ dry, and stony strata with those of a more bituminous, oily, and clayey kind, the 
result being a brick hard, durable, and strong, and thus almost every cubic foot of 
the strata is made use of. 
Some of these quarries are 70 feet in depth, and, as they are heing con- 
stantly worked at, they always present a fresh face, and it so happens that, owing 
to the dip of the strata and the position of the quarries, the tops of some are at 
about the same horizon as the bottoms of others. We thus have a succession 
of different varieties of strata representing a vertical section of upwards of 300 
feet, and including four well-known and important coal seams, namely, the 
“ Better,’ ‘ Black,’ ‘Crow,’ and ‘ Beeston Beds,’ the latter eight feet in thickness 
and fully exposed to view. Different fireclays, some of them of the greatest value 
and much worked, are also exposed. The sections show the ever varying conditions 
ander which they were deposited. 
; At some horizons we have fine binds or shales of light colour entombing the 
fronds of ferns and most delicately marked plants. 
At others, darker shales, which entomb stems, roots, and fruits; and again in 
others strong black oily shales, which contain the remains of many fishes and 
shells. Here we see indications of a quiet nook in which light plants have floated, 
_ become water-logged, and sunk. There we find the ripple-mark and the worm- 
burrow which inform us that the strata were deposited in a tidal estuary. 
At one horizon we obtain a mineral water containing magnesia and sulphur 
in such quantities that it was at one time celebrated as a spa water, until sought 
| ae for manufacturing purposes, and spoilt by being mixed with those from other 
ers. 
4 At another horizon we have water containing such an amount of chloride of 
sodium and magnesium that it is as salty as sea water. 
The fossils are numerous individually, but meagre in the number of species; 
_ but some of the stigmaria, calamites, lepidostrobi, and dadoxylons are perhaps 
_ the most suitable for examination of any that have been discovered, as their 
_ structure has been preserved. 
These strata show almost every variety of conditions of the coal period. 
The colour indicates the enclosed fossils, Fronds of ferns and delicate plants 
3 Fr 2 
