TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 817 
7. The Geology of the Long Mountain, on the Welsh Borders. 
By W. W. Warts, M.A., F.G.8. 
The author described the Silurian succession in a part of West Shropshire and 
East Montgomeryshire. 
1. May Hill grit, sometimes conglomeratic, containing one richly fossiliferous 
band of limestone at Cefn, Buttington. This is traced from Cefn to the north end 
of the Breidden Hills, where it appears to thin out. It rests unconformably on 
various members of the Bala group, and at Cefn a small dyke of diabase is intruded 
along the junction line. 
2. Purple and green shales with very rare fossils, chiefly entomostraca and small 
brachiopods. 
3. Wenlock mudstones, earthy in the lower part, and more calcareous above, 
and containing Cyrtograptus Linnarssoni, Monograptus Flemingu, M. dubvus, and 
M. serra, These beds appear to represent the upper part of the Wenlock shale 
and the Wenlock limestone. 
4, Thin muddy shales with rare flaggy ribs, containing Monograptus colonus, 
M. Nilssoni, and Cardiola interrupia; these are the equivalent of the Lower 
Ludlow beds. 
5. Hard thick flags, with occasional shales. Monograptus Leintwardinensis, 
M. Salweyi, M. Roemer, the equivalent of the Aymestry limestone. 
6. Thin fissile shales almost barren, but with Cardiola. These occupy the place 
of the Upper Ludlow Rocks. Above these beds comes an outlier of the Passage 
beds with Zrngula and entomostraca. 
The structure of the range is a large syncline with a steep dip on the north- 
west side, but this is complicated by several dip- and strike-faults and one or two 
small synclines. 
The author acknowledged the great help rendered by Professor Lapworth in 
determining the graptolites. 
8. Elbolton Cave Exploration. By the Rev. Epwarp Jonts. 
Elbolton Cave lies at the foct of a small scar near the summit of Elbolton, a 
conical limestone hill near the village of Thorpe, about nine miles north of Skipton 
in Craven. Under the auspices of the Craven Naturalists’ Association this cave 
is being explored. The present entrance is pit-like, and after a descent of 20 ft. we 
come to the level of the First Chamber, as seen before the exploration began. 
This chamber is from 30 to 40 feet long, and varies from 7 to 13 ft. in width. So 
far the workings have been confined to this chamber. During the summer of 1888 
and the autumn of 1889 a great mass of material has been removed and examined. 
The level of the cave floor was painted on the walls, and this painted line marked 
off into divisions three feet apart on the north and south walls, and numbered in 
feet from a datum line at the cave mouth. These cave markings correspond with 
a plan of cave, in which the whole surface is divided into square feet. As the 
excavation proceeded the floor altered in shape, and other plans at 5 and 10 ft. 
‘deep from the surface line were made. The upper layer consisted of loose 
angular fragments of limestone rock. This we have termed the Upper Cave 
earth. It is of varying thickness, from 4 ft. at, the entrance to the cave to 
17 ft. at the west end. All the human remains have been found in this deposit, 
but as yet no implement or evidence of man beneath it. Beneath this Upper Cave 
earth we come to a layer of angular stones imbedded in a stiff clay. At the east 
end a floor of stalagmitic breccia lies between the two layers. The clay layer has 
not yet been pierced. At the west end we have now reached a depth of 382 ft. 
from the cave floor; 17 ft. of this is the loose upper cave earth, and the remainder 
clay and stalagmite. Both the upper and lower strata abound in remains. The 
upper is evidently Neolithic. No metal of any kind, either bronze or iron, has 
been found. Remains of a dozen men haye come to hand, the greater part 
scattered amidst other bones, but some have been found in situ as buried. At 
12 ft. S. from the datum a skeleton nearly complete was found; in a recess three 
feet further another was seen, and in the middle of the chamber a third was 
