; TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 893 
3 MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 8. 
The following Papers and Report were read :— 
1. Joint Meeting with Section F' to consider the subject of the Lands of the 
Globe. still available for European Settlement. Introduced in a Paper 
by E. G. Ravensrery, F.L.G.S.! 
2. On Exploration in North-Eastern Cilicia.? By J. Touopore Benv. 
After showing how geography, history, and anthropology are interwoven in 
this district, and the study of one is necessary to the understanding of the other, 
the author gave an account of the Armenian fortress of Sis, and the reason for its 
importance during the Roupenian line of Armenian kings. 
The country between Sis and Anazarba was then described, and an account given 
of the fortress-town of Anazarba and the rivers Jeihan, Sombaz, and Savroon. 
Experiences amongst the nomad tribes, and their customs and mode of living 
were then given, including the Afshars, the Bosdans, and the Circassians, who 
frequent this portion of the Cilician plains during the winter months. 
The country between Anazarba and Kars Bazaar was described, and this place 
identified with the ancient Flaviopolis. 
Exploration of ruins on a spot near the Pyramus, called Bodroum, was then 
described, and its identification from epigraphy with the ancient Hieropolis- 
Castabala. 
Inscriptions which show that Artemis Perasia was worshipped here, as Strabo 
tells us, were referred to to show that this is the Castabala which has hitherto 
been placed in Cappadocia, and is also the spot which Alexander the Great visited 
before the battle of Issos. 
Notes on Osmanieh and the pass behind it leading into Syria. 
EE — =" = 
3. Report of the Committee for the Erploration of Cilicia.—See 
: Reports, p. 535. 
4. The Physical Geographical Features of Brazil, in relation to their Influence 
upon the Development, or otherwise, of the Industrial and Commercial 
Interests of the Country. By James W. Wetts, M.Iust.0.H., I. R.G.S. 
: The purpose of the paper isto point out the contrast between the configura- 
tion of the land of Argentina and of Brazil : how in the former it is so extremely 
favourable to the rapid and inexpensire extension of railways ; whereas in the latter 
country it has long been an obstacle to similar progress. Now that such obstacles 
have largely been overcome, there is every prospect of a speedy construction of a 
vast system of rail and fluvial communication over the vast area of Brazil—a 
result which will be, and, as a matter of fact, actually is, the means of attraction 
of aconsiderable number of desirable immigrants. And railway construction, and a 
free and abundant immigration, inevitably lead to the development of all sorts and 
conditions of industries, and prosperous commerce. 
5. From Paraguay to the Pacific. By M. A. Tuovar. 
M. Thouar made four expeditions in South America. In his first, made under 
the auspices of the Bolivian Government in 1883, following the disappearance of 
1 Full report in Proc. R.G.S. vol. xiii. p. 27. 
2 See Proc. R. GS. vol. xii. p. 445. 
3 See Scottish Geographical Magazine, vol. vi. 
