1918] Grinnell: A Synopsis of the Bats of California 259 
quite equal to the combined diameters of both incisors. Lower incisors 
forming a continuous row strongly bowed forward between canines; 
first and second lower incisors with rather narrow, trilobed cutting 
edges, the third much wider than the others and with three or four 
tubercles. Canines, both above and below, without secondary cusps, 
but with small yet distinct cingula. The two anterior upper pre- 
molars small, especially the central one, which is often minute and 
crowded out of the tooth-row internally; lower premolars following 
relative proportions of three upper ones, but central one, although 
smallest, rarely so minute as corresponding tooth in upper jaw. Last 
upper molar rather less in area of cross-section than half the second. 
The skull varies considerably in size among the different species, 
but usually has brain-case rounded and elevated above facial region, 
which is narrow, depressed and markedly saddle-shaped; depth of 
brain-ease, including auditory bullae, about equal to mastoid breadth ; 
sagittal erest low but usually distinct. Auditory bullae well devel- 
oped and covering more than half the surface of the cochleae, but 
simple in form and not very large; diameter of bullae about equal to 
distance between them. Face always hairy; glandular prominences 
much less developed than in related genera and seareely adding to 
breadth of face. Apertures of nostrils, crescent-shaped. Ear oval, 
distinctly higher than broad. Tragus slender, and nearly or quite 
straight. Foot, lower leg, and calear of variable size and develop- 
ment. Wing broad, the fifth metacarpal being slightly longer than, 
or equal to, third, the posterior attachment anywhere from a little 
above ankle to base of toes. Tail long, usually exceeding forearm in 
length. 
Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen) 
Cave Bat 
Vespertilio velifer J. A. Allen (1890, pp. 177-178). Original description ; 
type locality, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. 
Myotis velifer, J. Grinnell (1913b, p. 276). Range in California. 
Myotis velifer, J. Grinnell (1914, p. 266). Occurrence at Needles, Cali- 
fornia. : 
Diagnosis —Aceording to Miller (1897), p. 57), Myotis velvfer 
is the largest species of Myotis known to occur anywhere in the United 
States or Mexico. Total leneth, 90-105 millimeters; length of fore- 
arm, 40-47 millimeters. Calear slender, without a well developed lobe. 
Free border of uropatagium naked. Kars short, reaching only to tip 
of nose. Wing membrane arising from metatarsus. 
Description: Head.—Kars short (about 16 millimeters in height) 
and pointed. Tragus about half height of ear, its anterior edge 
straight or very slightly concave towards the tip. 
Limbs and membranes.—Wing attached nearer to bases of toes 
than to ankle. Free border of interfemoral membrane shorter than 
ealear, and naked. 
Pelage.—Ears scantily haired over whole ventral surface, as also 
at extreme bases on dorsal surface. Wings haired on ventral surfaces 
at their extreme bases; otherwise naked. Uropatagium sparsely 
