410 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vou. 17 
ward, more northern birds consequently possessing proportionately 
heavier bills. As seen in the diagram it is in this one particular that 
birds of the Santa Cruz area resemble the northern form more nearly 
than the southern. 
In coloration it will be noted that there is practical uniformity 
of appearance, on the one hand, in birds of the coast region from 
northern Lower California to Humboldt Bay, on the other, in birds 
from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley, Sierra Nevada, Warner 
Mountains, and Oregon. 
Aphelocoma californica californica (Vigors) 
Type locality —Monterey, California. 
Range.—A relatively narrow strip along the coast of California and northern 
Lower California; from the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, 
north on the coastal slope of California, west of the southern Sierras and the 
coast ranges, through the San Diegan and Santa Cruz districts to the south 
side of San Francisco Bay. 
Specimens examined from the following localities: Lower California: San 
Pedro Martir Mountains, 6; Hanson Laguna Mountains, 5; Ensenada, 1; 30 
miles east of San Quintin, 1; Santana, 2. 
California: San Diego County—Witch Creek, 7; Cuyamaca Mountains, 2; 
Julian, 4; Foster, 2; Dulzura, 1; Campo, 1; Warner Pass, 1; San Diego, 1; 
Pala, 1. Orange County—Trabuco Cafion, 2; Laguna Beach, 1. Riverside 
County—San Jacinto Mountains, 16; Vallevista, 1; San Gorgonio Pass, 2; 
Riverside, 1. San Bernardino County—Reche Canon, 3; San Bernardino Moun- 
tains, 5. Los Angeles County—Pasadena, 39; San Fernando Valley, 2; Santa 
Monica Mountains, 4; Verdugo, 1; Glendora, 2; Chileo, 1; San Francisquito 
Cafion, 1; Los Angeles, 3. Ventura County—Ventura, 2; Mount Pinos, 3. 
Santa Barbara County—Santa Barbara, 1; Guadalupe Lake, 1. San Luis 
Obispo County—Paso Robles, 1. San Benito County—Paicines, 2. Monterey 
County—Pacifie Grove, 3; Partington Pt., 2; Lucia 2. Santa Clara County— 
Palo Alto, 7; San Jose, 1; Berryessa, 1; College Park, 2. Total 147. 
Distinguishing characters.—Aphelocoma californica californica, compared with 
A. c. immanis, is of small size and dark coloration. The blue areas are of a 
deeper shade, the back distinctly darker brown, and the light colored under 
parts have a dusky suffusion. Lower tail coverts usually tinged with blue, 
sometimes conspicuously so. Coloration is about the same in californica as in 
oocleptica, from which subspecies californica is distinguished by smaller size 
throughout. Compared with A. hypoleuca, A. ec. californica is of much darker 
coloration, and, on the average, slightly smaller size. No. 7016 (Mus. Vert. 
Zool.), male, Palo Alto, California, November 21, 1906. Blue areas, deep cadet 
blue; dorsum, sepia. 
Remarks.—In the material assembled for the present study the 
subspecies Aphelocoma c. californica is represented by a fairly satis- 
factory series from Lower California (unsatisfactory only in that it 
includes no specimens in fresh fall plumage), by skins from the San 
