416 University of California Publications in Zoology [ Vou. 17 
San Joaquin County—Tracy Lake, 3. Sacramento County—Sacramento, 3. 
Amador County—Carbondale, 2; Drytown, 1. Solano County—Vaeaville, 5. 
Glenn County—Winslow, 5. Yolo County—Knight’s Landing, 1. Butte County 
—Oroville, 1. Sutter County—Sutter, 1. Lake County—Lower Lake, 1. Total 
139. 
Distinguishing characters.—Of large size and pale coloration. Under tail 
coverts usually pure white; sometimes slightly tinged with blue; brown of 
back pale, as compared with californica, and suffused with grayish. Under parts 
white, with but a slight suffusion of slaty. Distinguished from 4. c. californica 
both by large size and pale coloration; from oocleptica by pale coloration, size 
being about the same. Aphelocoma hypoleuca is smaller than the maximum of 
immanis, though closely matched in this respect by the series from the Sacra- 
mento Valley. In coloration hypoleuca is constantly paler than the lightest 
colored immanis. 
No. 269 (coll. of S. G. Jewett), male, Portland, Oregon, November 5, 1905; 
blue areas, Chapman’s blue; dorsum, hair brown, with bluish tips to the feathers. 
Remarks—Aphelocoma californica tmmanis was described by 
Grinnell (1901, p. 188), from the Willamette Valley, Oregon, char- 
acterized as a bird of larger size and with longer tail than A. c. cali- 
fornica. The subspecies was denied recognition by the A. O. U. Com- 
mittee (1901, p. 312), as indistinguishable from A. c. californica, a 
logical point of view, of course, considering the recognition already 
accorded by that committee to A. c. obscura as a smaller and darker 
bird than true californica. There is no question as to the existence of 
the two distinguishable races, the large, pale colored form to which 
the term californica is incorrectly applied by Ridgway (1904, p. 327) 
and the A. O. U. Committee (1910, p. 225), and the small, dark colored 
subspecies termed obscura by the same authorities. The realization, 
however, that obscura is a synonym of californica, both pertaining 
to the subspecies occurring in the southern coast district of California, 
necessitates the affixing of a name to the form inhabiting the interior 
of the state. In a recent paper Oberholser (1917, p. 94) affirms the 
existence of the subspecies immanis, defining its range as including 
parts of Oregon and extreme northern California. There are at hand 
large series of jays from the interior valleys of California, the Sierra 
Nevada, and the Warner Mountains, and as, on comparison, these are 
indistinguishable from specimens from the Willamette Valley, Oregon, 
the name which has been used for the latter bird, immanis, must be 
applied to this whole aggregation. 
On the east slope of the Sierra Nevada the ranges of immanis and 
woodhousei meet, and here is where intergradation of characters 
between the two should be found if it occurs at all. Woodhousei is 
found in this section in the fall, but whether or not it breeds here is 
