IV. 



EXTRACTS from the \JiW^\ s^.J^sJ', or 

 ** Essence 0/ Logic," proposed as a small 

 Supplement to Arabic j/z^ Persian Gram- 

 mar ; and with a view to elucidate certain joints 

 connected with Oriental Literature. 



By FRANCIS BALFOUR, Esq. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Although the works of Aristotle were 

 translated into Arabic many centuries ago, and there 

 be no doubt that the sy-tem of logic generally as- 

 cribed to him constitutes, at this time, the logic of 

 all the nations ot Asia who possess the Mahommedaa 

 faith, yet I do not tind that tiiis point has been di- 

 rectly contirmed by translations from the Arabic or 

 Persian into the languages of Europe. AX. least none 

 that 1 know of haye appeared in India. 



The following extracts taken from a Persian tran-? 

 slation of the Tehzeeb ul Mantik, or Essence of Logic, 

 an Arabic treatise of considerable repute, seem to 

 place this question beyond doubt, by their close co- 

 incidence in every point with the system referred to 

 Aristotle. 



To the logical system of this wonderful genius, 

 modern philosophers of distinguished eminence, and 

 amongst these, Lord Kaimes, have not hesitated 

 to impute the blame of retarding the progress of sci- 

 ence and improvement in Europe for two thousand 

 years, by holding the reasoning faculty constrained 

 and cramped by the fetters of syllogism. 



From some of the extracts contained in this pa- 

 per, it will appear, 1 sr. That the mode of reasoning 

 by Induction, illustrated and improved by the great 



