TEHZEEB UL MANTIK» 101 



3. Natural expression verbal ; 4. Natural expression 

 not verbal ; 5. Intellectual expression verbal ; 6, 

 Intellectual expression not verhil. The word Zeid 

 appropriated to an individual, is an example of 

 assigned expression verbal. The four signs, a line, 

 a knot, a land mark^ a signal, are examples of as- 

 signed expression not verbal. The exclamation oh ! 

 oh ! froin a pain in the breast, is an example of na- 

 tural expression verbal. The quickness of the pulse, 

 indicating fever, is an example of natural expression 

 not verbal. The word Deiz heard from behind a 

 wall, and impl}ing the existence of a speaker, is an 

 example of intellectual expression verbal ; and the 

 sign of smoke, implying the existence of fire, is an 

 example of intellectual expression not verbal. 



But of all these different modes of expression, we 

 mean, at present, to consider only that of verbal ex- 

 pression assigned, which is of three kinds ; 1. That 

 by conformity ; 2. That by implication ; and 3. That 

 by association. Thus a verbal expression assigned, 

 may denote its object by corresponding with the 

 whole of its character ; as the word insami, man, 

 denotes a living being endowed with speech . By ex- 

 pressing a portion of its object, as the word insaun 

 (i. e.) man, implies an animal. By acting without 

 or beyond its object, as the word insaun (i. e.) man, 

 implies a being capable of science, and the art of 

 writing. The first is agreement or conformity, the 

 second implication, the third association. 



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