»fiHZEER UL MANTIK. 107 



jiftcnvards converted to another, becomes current irx 

 its new acceptation, it is then metaphorical, and 

 takes its character from the person who employs it. 

 If the speaker be an illiterate common person, it is 

 called a vulgar phrase ; if he be a man of science, it 

 is called a technical term ; and if he belong to the law, 

 it is called a law phrase. Bat if this be not the case, 

 and a word be used indiscriminately in both ways, 

 the first directly applicable to its original object, and 

 the second to that to which it is transferred ; such as 

 the word lion, it constitutes, when signifying a fierce 

 animal, the literal or 6th species of Noun, and when 

 used to denote a hero, the 7th species, ot figuratl've. 



Sect. II. Of Ideas formed by the Intellect. 



Be it known that the object of the logicians consi- 

 dered stricdy is the thing comprehended by the un- 

 derstanding. Our discussion respecting expression 

 and language was necessary to our design merely be- 

 cause this is the instrument or means by which that 

 is conveyed or understood. Know then that an idea, 

 which in the conception of the understanding, is not, 

 true or applicable to the whole of the individuals of 

 a class, is a particular idea ; and that an idea that is 

 applicable to the whole without restriction Is an uni- 

 versal idea, even although it should exclude the ex*. 

 istence of other constituent parts, for example " an 

 equal to God," or though it should express a being 

 having no existence, such as the Unca ; or if there 

 should be found a single being with the mere proba- 

 bility of another, such as the Sun ; or with the im--^ 

 possibility of another, such as the Creator ; or where 



