TEHZEEB UL MANTIK. IIQ 



difFerence, or the nearest difference alone, then it is 

 an imperfect definition, such as Jism Naumi Nautik 

 for man, or Nautik alone. 3. If the description 

 consist of the nearest genus, and the property or 

 peculiarity, such as Heiwaun SauhuJc, a creature 

 that laughs, for man, it is a perfect mark or desig- 

 nation. 4. And if it consist of the remote genus and 

 pecuharity, or of the peculiarity alone, then it is an 

 imperfect mark or description, such as Jisyn Naumi 

 Sauhuk, a piece of laughing substance, or Smihukiey 

 laughing, only, as a designation of maii. 



And further, designation by common accident is 

 not conceived to be good ; because the object of 

 definition is the discrimination of the thmg delined 

 from, others ; and this is not obtained from common 

 accident. Sometimes in the Hiiddi Naukis and Risimi 

 Naukis, Indication by a more commori word or ver- 

 bal description is admitted. That is the real mean- 

 ing of a word not being well understood, another 

 word is employed to explain and elucidate ; for in- 

 stance they say Ulrriizfur hooul assad to explain 

 Ruzfur, which also means a lion. And in like man- 

 ner in verbal description the designation is effected 

 by an expression more common, as for example, when 

 a person who does not know it asks " what is pain", 

 they will say it is a thing common to all ; and thus, 

 in the Hudd'i .Naukis and Resimi Naukis., if a more 

 cotnmon word be used, it is allowed. 



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