TEHZEEB UL MANTIK. 127 



of the syllogism tlien it is denominated Uteraiini, 

 that is, simple or categorical : whether it be abso- 

 lute or conditional. 



The subject considered in the conclusion of a simple 

 syllogism is called Asrur, that is, the minor ; and 

 the thing predicated of the subject is called Akhar^ 

 that is, the major ; and the proposition which con- 

 tains the minor is called Sururi, minor proposition ; 

 and the proposition which contains the major, is 

 called Akhurij or major proposition ; and the term 

 with which the subject and predicate of the conclu- 

 sion are both com.pared is called the middle term or 

 Huddi Osit, or Osii, &c. Sec. he. 



N. B. From the various modes in which the mid- 

 dle term may be placed, there arises a division of 

 syllogism into four different/orw5 or figures, or Ash- 

 kdul ; which are again subdivided and branched out 

 into a great many subordinates. 



Sect. III. Of Induction. 



Be it known th^t Induction is the process of col- 

 lecting particulars for the purpose of establishing a 

 general rule respecting the nature of the whole class. 



Argument, or reasoning, is supposed, as we former- 

 ly observed, to be of three kinds. Syllogism, Induction, 

 and Analogy ; and syllogism has been just now dis- 

 cussed. Induction is of two kinds, viz. perfect and 

 imperfect. 



It is perfect induction when the n;eneral rule is ob- 

 tained from an examination of all the parts. For 

 example, all animals are either endowed with speech, 

 or not endowed with" speech. But those endowed 

 and those not endowed are both sentient, 'there- 

 fore all animals are sentient. This is an example 



