TEHZEEB UL MANTIK. ] 29 



qf perfect Induction, which produces certainty. 



It is imperfect: induction when a number of indivi- 

 duals of a class being overlooked or excluded, a ge- 

 neral rule is thus established respecting the whole. 

 For instance, if it should be assumed that all ani- 

 mals move the under jaw in eating, because this is 

 the case with man, horse, goats, and sheep, this 

 would be an example of imperfect induction, which 

 does not afford certainty : because it is possible that 

 some animals may not move the under jaw in eating, 

 as it is reported of the Tuimuhh or Nehufig, the cro- 

 codile. 



Having considered the first two modes of reason- 

 ing, there still remains to be explained Analogy. 



Sect. IV. Op Analogy. 



Analogy is the unfolding of an affinity or re- 

 semblance between two subordinate parts of the same 

 class, differing in their nature and properties, so as 

 to establish a general law and axiom respecting both ; 

 take, for example, the general rule, that *' grapes 

 are prohibited because wine is," which conclusion is 

 obtained thus. The cause of the prohibition of wine 

 is intoxication ; but intoxication exists also in the 

 grape : therefore it is proved that the grape likewise 

 is prohibited. The instruments of this process are 

 analysis and selection, &c.&:c. 



Vol. VIII. 



