OR SACRED WRITINGS OF THE HINDUS. 435 



consecrated fire, and the regulation of time relative 

 to religious rites ; at which one is used, and which 

 the other governs. 



The fortieth and last chapter of this V6da is an 

 Upanishad, as before intimated : which is usually 

 called I's'a-vdsyam, from the two initial words; 

 and sometimes Is'd 'dhyaya, from the first word ; 

 but the proper title is ' Upanishad of the Vctjasa- 

 niya sanhitd^ The author, as before-mentioned, 

 is Dad'hyach, son or descendant of At'harvan *. 

 A translation of it has been published in the post- 

 humous works»of Sir William Jones. 



The second part of this Vtda, appertaining to 

 the Mdd'hyandina S'ddhd, is entitled the S'ata- 

 patlia Brdhmana ; and is much more copious than 

 the collection of prayers. It consists of fourteen 

 books (cdnda) unequally distributed in two parts 

 (bhdga): the first of which contains ten books; 

 and the second, only four. The number of lec- 

 tures (ad'hydya), contained in each book, varies ; 

 and so does that of the Brdhmafi'as, or separate pre- 

 cepts, in each lecture. Another mode of division, 

 by chapters (Prapdt'aca), also prevails throughout 

 the volume : and the distinction of BrdhmanaSy 

 which are again subdivided into short sections 

 (can'dicd)y is subordinate to both modes of divi- 

 sion. 



* Besides Mahi'd'hara's gloss on this chapter, in his Vtda- 

 dipa, I have the separate commentary of S'ancara, and one by 

 Ba'lacrishn' 'a'nanda, which contains a clear and copious 

 exposition of this Upanishad. He professes to expound it, as it is 

 received by both the Cdn'uui and Mdd'hyandina schools. Sir 

 William Jones, in his version of it, used S'ancara's gloss ; 

 as appears from a copy of that gloss, which he had carefully stu- 

 died, and in which his hand-writing appears in more than one 

 place. 



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