© GYR: | ES WAY Le 
above the lake Wenern, or nine hundred and thirty-one above the fea. He adds, 
the following have been only meafured to their bafes, or to the next adjacent waters: 
Aorfkata, a folitary mountain of femtland, about four or five Swedifh miles from 
the higheft 4/ps, which feparate Norway and Sweden, is faid to be fix thoufand one 
hundred and fixty-two Englifh feet above the neareft rivers: Swucku/tol, within 
‘the borders of Norway, four thoufand fix hundred and fifty-eight above lake 
Famund ; and that Jake is thought to be two or three thoufand above the fea: and 
finally, Sy/fellen, on the borders of ‘femtland, is three thoufand one hundred and 
thirty-two feet perpendicular, from the height to the bafe. Pontoppidan gives the 
mountains of Norway the height of three thoufand fathoms: Browallius thofe of 
Sweden two thoufand three hundred and thirty-three, which makes them nearly 
equal to the higheft 4/ps of Savoy, or the ftill higher fummits of the Peruvian 
Andes. 
In Finmark, the mountains in fome places run into the fea: in others recede far, 
and leave extenfive plains between their bafes and the water. Their extreme height 
ison the Fizll-ryggen, dorfum Alpium, or back of the Alps, a name given to the higheft 
courfe of the whole chain: the fummits of which are clad with eternal fnow.. Thefe 
are fkirted by lower mountains, compofed of hard fandy earth, deftitute of every 
vegetable, except where it is mixed with fragments of rock, on which appear the Saxi- 
frages of feveral kinds ; Diapenfia Lapponica, F\. Lapp. N° 88 ; Azalea Procumbens, 
Ne 90; the Andromeda Carulea, N° 1643 and Hypuoides, N° 165, thinly fcatter- 
ed. Lower down are vaft woods of Birch, N° 341, a tree of equal ufe to the 
Laplanders, and the northern Indians of America. On the lower Alps abound the 
Rein-deer Lichen, N° 437, the fupport of their only cattle; the Dwarf Birch, 
N° 342, the feeds of which are the food of the White Grous beneath the fnow, 
during the long and rigorous winter; the Arbutus Alpina, N° 1613 and Arbutus 
Uva Urfa, N° 1623 and, finally, the Empetrum Nigrum, or Black Heath Berries, 
ufed by the Laplanders in their ambrofial dith the Kappifialmas *. 
The Scotch Pine, N° 346, and Norway Fir, N° 247, form the immenfe forefts of 
Lapland, aflociated with the Birch: the Pine affects the dry, the Fir the wet places, 
and grow toa vatt fize; but, being inacceffible, are loft to the great ufes of man- 
kind. On their northern fides they are almoft naked, and deprived of boughs by the 
piercing winds ;*the wandering Laplander remarks this, and ufes it as a compafs 
to fteer by, amidft thefe wilds of wood, Whole traéts are oft-times fired by light- 
ning; then proitrated by the next ftorm. ‘The natives make, of the under part of 
the wood (which acquires vaft hardnefs by length of time) their fnow-fhoes; and 
* Fl. Lapp. p. 108. 
k fore 
UXXIIE 
FinmaArk. 
PLANTS. 
