CB Agte Nn OLB ADL P’s “Tk Ny ArM EB Rel CoA. 
furious courfe down 4a long defcent, igterrupted with rapids, meets the tide not 
very remote from its difcharge into the ocean *. 
Much of the low grounds between the bafe of the Apalachian hills and the 
fea (efpecially in Virginia and Carolina) have in early times been occupied by the 
ocean. In many parts there are numbers of fmall rifings, compofed of thells, 
and in all the plains incredible quantities beneath the furface. Near the Adi/i/ipi 
again, in lat. 32. 28, from the depth of fifty to eighty feet, are always found, in 
digging, fea-fand and fea-fhells, exa@tly fimilar to what are met with on the 
‘fhores near Penfaccla t+. ‘This is covered with a ftratum of deep clay or marle, 
and above that with a bed of rich vegetable earth. All this proves the propriety of 
applying the epithet of NEW to this quarter of the globe, in a fenfe different 
to that intended by the novelty of its difcovery. Great part of North America at 
left became but recently habitable: the vaft plains of the Adifiipi, and the 
tract between the Apalachian Alps and the Atlantic, were once poflefled by the 
ocean. Either at this period America had not received its population from the 
old world, or its inhabitants muft have been confined to the mountains and their 
vallies; till the waters ceafed to cover the tracts now peopled by millions. ; 
The compofition of the northern mountains agrees much with thofe of the north 
of Afia, and often confifts of a grey rock ftone or granite, mixed with glimmer 
and quartz; the firft ufually black, the laft purplifh. Near the river St. Lau- 
rence, a great part of the mountains refts on a kind of flaty limeftone. Large 
beds of limeftones, of different colors, are feen running from the granitical 
mountains, and are filled with Cornua Ammonis, and different forts of fhells, par- 
ticularly with a fmall fpecies of fcallop, together with various forts of corals, 
branched as well as ftarry. The ftrata of limeftone alfo appear near the bafe of 
different parts of the Apalachian chain {. Without doubt, the f{chiftous band, 
confifting of variety of ftone, fplit and divided by fiffures horizontal and perpen 
dicular (in Afia the repofitory of metallic veins) is alfo found attendant on the 
granitical mountains of North America, and like them will be found rich in ores §: 
but that country has not yet been furveyed by a philofophical eye. The labor 
will be amply repayed to the proprietors, by the difcovery of mineral fources of 
wealth, perhaps equal to thofe already difcovered in the fimilar fecondary chains 
of mountains in the Ruffian empire |. j 
Captain Cook continued his voyage to the northward ; but, by reafon of 
{qually weather and fogs for a few degrees, or from lat. 50.to 55. 20, was deprived 
* Mr. Lewis Evans, p.g, and map. + F. Lorimer, efq. j Kalm, itt. 21, 198, 
216.—Bartram’s Travels, 10, 38. § In fuch feem to be lodged the lead and filver ores found 
in Canada. See Kalm, iii, 212.  SeeDr. Pattas’s OL/f, fur la formation de Montagnes, &c. 
t of 
CxLti 
Low Grounps. 
CoMPONENT 
Parts. 
