BELL ON THE ANIMIKIE GROUP. 381 
mine the hard quartzitic slates have already been carried down 1,000 feet 
or more below the lake level, a distance which would make the total thick- 
ness actually measurable in that vicinity far beyond Bell's total. 
There are other serious objections to Bell’s stratigraphical scheme. 
The conglomerates, which according to him form the base of the series in 
the northeast angle of Thunder Bay, seem to me rather—unless, as does 
not appear probable, I did not visit the place described by him—to belong 
to the overlying white sandstones of the Keweenawan. ‘Then he fails to 
recognize the quartzitic character of the body of the formation, while the 
magnetitic arenaceous rock of the township of Neebing, which he places 
near the summit of the formation and as equivalent to the Thunder Cape 
beds, I should place many thousand feet below. These magnetitic beds are 
the same as those of the Mesabi Range of the Vermillion Lake region of 
Minnesota, of Gunflint Lake on the national boundary, and of Pokegoma 
Falls on the Mississipp? River, and belong much nearer the base than the 
summit of the formation. It is very difficult to see how Bell could paral- 
lelize the Thunder Cape beds, manifestly near the top of the formation, 
with beds lying twenty miles to the northwest, when he at the same time 
admits a general southeasterly dip throughout the whole area. 
Then, again, the great volume of included beds of gabbro and diabase 
is almost entirely ignored. In the third division of his scheme it is said 
that ‘‘trap beds are associated with these rocks along the north shore of 
Thunder Bay, at the Thunder Bay mine, and in the township of Me- 
Intyre,”’ and yet the whole volume of this division is placed at only 450 
feet. But, as seen, all the way from Wauswaugoning Bay on the Minne- 
sota coast to the south side of the Kaministiquia Valley, and again in the 
Pigeon River country of Minnesota, these included beds must aggregate 
over a thousand feet, while they may be much more than this. This im- 
portant omission is probably to be explained by Bell’s having regarded 
all of these beds as part of the so-called ‘crowning overflow,” which is 
supposed to have taken place after the accumulation and removal of the 
thousands of feet of newer Keweenawan or copper-bearing strata. 
The only evidence of any such general overflow consists in the simi- 
1Op. cit., p. 319. 
