248' ACCOUNT OF 



There are sixteen ceremonies, which the Jains, as 

 well as the followers of the ?^<?^/<75, ohscrve. Among 

 which are, 1 fG^/rZ'<:/r/Vi^;?«^ the ceremony at the con- 

 summation of a marriage, 2 (Shnant) adorning a 

 married v/oman's head with flowers, when she is six 

 months gone Mqth child, 3 (Jutacarma) ceremony on 

 the birth of a child, 4 ( Ndmacarma) on naming a 

 child, 5 ( Annaprasuna) when, at six months old, or 

 within a year, the child is weaned, or first fed with 

 other sustenance than his mother's milk, 6 boring the 

 ear, shaving the head, and placing the sacred thread 

 round liis neck, 7 (Vivaha) the first marriage, or ra- 

 ther betiothino-, 8 (Sastrobhasa) the ceremony ob- 

 served when the youns: lads bearin to read thcSastras, 

 at the age of five years, five months, and five days, Q 

 they also observe other ceremonies, together ^ with 

 those of funerals, &c. &c. &c. 



Tliey perform the ceremony of Upanaymm, or ini- 

 tiation, for a bo}', between five and nine years of 

 age ; which is the period when children begin to 

 study the books of the law. A student, till he is 

 married, should tie only a thread round his loins, 

 with a rag to cover his nakedness : he should carry 

 constantly in his hand a small staff. This is prac- 

 tised till his wedding-day ; when, as soon as he is 

 married, he attains the second rank, or that of house- 

 holder: then he may dress properly at his pleasure; 

 and should now endeavour, by labour, service, or 

 trade, to provide for, and subsist his family : he 

 should act in all respects agreeably to the instructions 

 of his preceptor. Besides these duties, there are six 

 particularly assigned, to be performed in the station 

 of householder, as follows : 1 Worshipping God ; or 

 the images of the ancient saints. 2 Venerating spiri- 

 tual parents. 3 Studying or reading their holy books. 

 4 (T(ipasya) internal or mental devotion, abstracted 

 from all thoughts but that of the deity. 5 Making 



of the orthodox sect. Tlie Jains, themselves, do not appear to 

 Worship fire. H. T. C. 



