6 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JULY 
lets, with leaves and upper stipules more crowded. It is this 
exceptional state of growth which seems to me to have suggested 
the establishment of R. Arkansana Porter. 
In Europe, the pubescence and glandulosity have played a 
preponderant and excessive part in the separation of species and 
have led to the establishment of a host of pretended species. 
These have encumbered the genus to such an extent, that it has 
become nearly impossible to study it. I do not intend to rule 
out entirely pubescence and glandulosity as means of distinguish- 
ing species, but it is necessary to abandon the idea of using 
them as distinguishing characters of the first order, and to limit 
their use to indicating differences of a very secondary value. 
Many species may be either glabrous or pubescent, glandular or 
non-glandular; but some are more frequently glabrous, others 
more frequently pubescent, or more habitually glandular, or 
more often non-glandular. Finally, there are some species 
which are glandular with great constancy. 
What has just been said with reference to smoothness and 
pubescence, and a glandular and non-glandular condition, is 
applicable to the form of the. leaf-teeth as well, which in the 
same species may be simple, double, or glandular-compound, 
_ The form of the floriferous and fructiferous receptacles is 
also subject to frequent variation in the same species, Certain 
species, however, have the receptacles habitually rounded, while 
others have them more or less ovoid or elongated. In the sec- 
tion CINNAMOME# the rounded form is the most common. 
An attentive study of the numerous variant forms displayed 
by different species reveals parallel lines of variation, which are 
faithfully repeated in the different species. The existence of 
these parallel variations strengthens the evidence as to the folly 
of an excessive multiplication of species. I wish to say, in pass- 
ing, that the fragmentation of species of Rosa has had in Amer- 
ica an exponent in Rafinesque. This singular naturalist, whom 
one should never take seriously, has constructed some species 
which will remain enigmas forever, 
In Europe the recognition of true species was retarded for a 
