1896] BOTANICAL PAPERS AT BUFFALO 227 
growth the characters have been found sufficiently constant to be 
of value in distinguishing or uniting species whose similarity in 
morphological structure or variations resulting from the character 
of the host would render their systematic position uncertain. Of 
about thirty species studied, five Colletotrichums and two Glceo- 
sporiums have been definitely connected with an ascigerous form, 
the transition from one stage to the other occurring without the 
intervention of a pycnidial stage. The ascigerous stages of each, 
two of which have been found as saprophytes in nature, bear a 
close resemblance to each other and would fall ina genus near 
Gnomoniella. 
W. W. RowtEE: The development of the vascular elements in the 
primary root of Indian corn.—In many text-books the large cells 
in the central portion of the root-tip are described as the rows of 
cells from which the vessels are developed. 
Investigations prove that these larger cells pass over into 
parenchyma and that the protoxylem is differentiated from cells 
radially Opposite and nearer the surface than these. 
Joun M. Courter: Some remarks on chalazogamy.—The use of 
chalazogamy as a basis of classification was first discussed, rea- 
oe against such use being the unnatural associations and sep- 
“rations, the use of a single character for important groupings, 
the fact that chalazogamy has to do not with a differentiated 
°rgan but with a process. The use of chalazogamy as an indica- 
aes phy: logeny, as suggested by Nawaschin, was also dis- 
“ussed, the view that it is an intermediate stage in the adaptation 
‘ , . . 
. * 8ymnosperm-trained pollen-tube to the traversing of angio- 
a... being objected to. It was shown that the neces- 
1 y of « 
se adaptation to cavities” was by no means so great a 
ing a 4 “upposed, and that chalazogamy is more suggestive © 
Oho °ccasional modification of porogamy than an enemas 
Speaker a a regard to the significance of chalazogamy t : 
intelec. aimed that it is purely physiological, and does no 
Hy Such change in structure as will define a natural group 
