1896] BOTANICAL PAPERS AT BUFFALO 237 
tions of the blood of diseased insects showed a short bacillus, 
single or in pairs. The tissues of the insects break down under 
the growth of these organisms, which probably enter insects 
through the spiracles. 
C.R. Barnes: What is bark ?— The varying use of this term 
suggests a consideration of how it should be used by American 
botanists. Borke and Rinde have been used by German botanists 
to denote respectively the external tissues of the root or stem 
which dry up, and the entire mass of tissues outside the cambium. 
In this usage, which has been tolerably consistent, they have 
been followed by the English. American popular usage, and 
scientific usage except as modified by foreign influence, assigns 
the name dark to the Rinde of the Germans. But Borke has been 
translated dark, while Rinde is translated cortex in the English 
-€ditions of various German text-books. The author advocates 
the use of dark to designate the whole mass of tissue outside the 
cambium, while cortex, with suitable qualification, is used to 
designate certain parts of the bark. In this usage Americans 
are sustained by French botanists. 
Joun M. Courter: Structures of the embryo-sac. — Attention 
was called to recent observations which showed a certain amount 
* tity in these apparently constant structures. These 
observations were supplemented by studies in Salix and the Com- 
ea The results were summed up in the form of definitions of 
a regions as follows: (1) the egg-apparatus 
one or tw ee ae three usually naked cells, the oosphere an 
Peis, oT together representing a single archegonium, 
By bd e synergids may represent canal cells ; (2) the pri- 
(the ny fe cell “a formed by the fusion of two vegetative cells 
usion . Is), which process holds no relation to a sexual 
continue th a suarulated normally by the act of fertilization to 
the adjace fo Needs development of the gametophyte, Just as 
Seed and nt sporophyte structures are stimulated xe develop 
fruit ; (3) the antipodal cells are variable in number 
