238 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
(two to seventeen observed), evanescent or persistent, repre- 
senting the vegetative region of the gametophyte not dependent 
upon fertilization for its development. 
Embryos have been observed to develop both from synergids 
and in the antipodal region, and such may be regarded as aris- 
ing through apogamy. 
N. L. Britton: Some Cyperacee new to North America, with 
remarks on other species—Cyperus cylindrostachyus, of the Old 
World tropics, has been introduced into the southern states, and 
is C. cylindraceus Chapman; C. ¢thyrsiflorus, a Mexican type, 
extends into southern California ; the Asiatic C. pumilus has been 
found introduced into Florida and Alabama. As waifs may be 
mentioned the Asiatic C. congestus, found at Painesville, Ohio; 
C. glaber, of southern Europe, found in Massachusetts; and G. 
comosus, of Greece and the Levant, found on ore heaps at South 
Bethlehem, Penn. The Cuban Scirpus camptotrichus has been 
found by Dr. Mohr as a native plant near Mobile. The author 
has also satisfied himself that the African C. aristatus is not the 
American plant so often bearing that name, and that the latter 
should retain its old name C. in CXUS. | 
L. H. PaMMEL: Grasses of lowa.—The paper contained & 
description of the topography of the state, and presented a ai 
of the grasses. The grass flora is not diversified, containing 
fewer species than are to be found in any adjacent state. Among 
the species are noted twenty-nine species as from the north, 
forty-six from the south, eleven from the west, thirteen extt® 
continental, and fifty-five introduced. 
W. A. KELLERMAN: Ceres-pulver: Jensen’s new fungicide uss 
oa treatment of smut.—In 1890 Kellerman and Swingle per: 
lished an account of successful experiments with potassium de 
fid (liver of sulfur) as a preventive of smut of wheat and oats: 
This, according to J. L. Jensen, was the starting-point ( Aus- 
Sangspunkt) for his Ceres-pulver. The exact composition of the 
