344 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ocroner 
NOTES FOR STUDENTS: 
CARDOT has described * five new species of Fontinalis from North Amer 
ica: F. patula (§ TRoPIDOPHYLL#&), from Vancouver near Victoria, collected 
by Macoun; /. Missourica (§ HETEROPHYLL#), from Benton county, Mis 
souri, collected by Demetrio; #. Da/ecarlica Macounii (§ LEPIDOPHYLLE), 
from Athabasca Lake, collected by Macoun; F. Waghornei, from Trinity 
Bay, New Harbor, and Witter’s Bay, Newfoundland, collected by Waghome; 
fF. MacMillani (§ MALACOPHYLL#), from northern Minnesota, collected by 
MacMillan.—C. R. B. 
STUDENTS of forest distribution will be interested in Professor 7. H. 
MacBnde's discussion of forest distribution in lowa.? He shows that all the 
students of the forest problems in his state have been right, but only par — 
tially so. His own conclusions, which combine views which seemed to be in 
conflict, are as follows: (1) the immediate agent in the limitation and dis- 
tribution of Iowa forests was fire ; (2) the sweep of fire was determined by 4 
modicum of moisture and by the presence of fuel upon the ground ; (3) od 
drift being especially adapted to gramineous vegetation furnished fuel in 
such amount as to prevent the development of tree seedlings, while the loess 
using the term in a broad sense, less suited to gramineous species, furnished 
less fuel, hence gave to tree seedlings on loess regions opportunity to cig 
(4) special localities, as swamps, alluvial flood-plains, etc., present spe 
cases and require special explanations. 
THE FOLLOWING items are of taxonomic interest: Dr. John K. ca : 
prepared a synopsis of the North American species of Ilysanthes, recog — 
six species, one of which is new. Mr. Eugene P. Bicknell recognizes ay 
species in the well known Scrophularia of the eastern states, the a 
one being called S. /eforel/a. Mr. H. N. Ridley’ has described a new pen® 
of Commelinacez from the Malay Peninsula, under the name see 
M. A. Franchet has described eight new species of Saxifraga® and ae 2 
species of Sedum? from China, and proposes a new section® (XyP ed 
of Parnassia, in which the very acuminate connective is produced i . 
the loculi, giving to the anther the appearance of a dagger. bart 
Eastwood® has des¢ribed ten new species from southeastern Utah. oe 
- Baker has published an illustrated synopsis of the genus ssi a. 
* Revue Bryologique — :67. 1896. | 
* Reprint from Proc. lowa Acad. Sci. 3: 96-101. 1895. 61. 189% 
3Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23 : 296. 1896. 6 Jour. de Botanique 10: 201 
* bid. 23: 314. 1896. 7 Lbid. 10: 284. 1899. 
5 Jour. Bot. 34: 329. 1896. 8 /bid. 10: 267. 189% 
* Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. I]. 6:270. 1896. 
Gard. Chron. 20: 213 and 238. 1896. 
