326 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1904. 



evidence "that all the beds had been bent up by sonic action from 

 below, and that from some inequality in the action or from some 

 external cause the bed on which they lay, together with its associated 

 strata, had collapsed toward the center in such a manner that they 

 would appear to have been thrown up into a vertical position, if the 

 uncurvated part had been concealed." 



In remarking- on the constancy of the phenomena connected with the 

 anticlinal arrangement of the whole series of Allegheny ridges, he 

 ascribed their origin to an elevatory undulating movement, whereby 

 "some parts of the strata were forced up into the anticlinal form, in a 

 constant magnetic direction," the intervening distance between each 

 axis or ridge being at the same time probably thrown down in a 

 ruinous state. As the land arose and the waters retired the ruins 

 would gradually be borne away, leaving the valleys as we now find 

 them. 



The extensive bituminous coal beds of Maryland and Pennsylvania 

 were described, the coal itself considered as due to plant growth in 

 situ, and not to drift. 



The presence of Carboniferous limestone about 8 miles from Nava- 

 rino, Wisconsin, was noted and also, but erroneously, at the Falls of 

 St. Anthony, in Minnesota. The lead-bearing beds of Dubuque, 

 Iowa, were also judged, by their fossils, to be Carboniferous. In this, 

 also, he was in error. 



In 1835 there was organized under the authority of the legislature 

 of New Jersey a State geological survey, of which Prof. H. D. Rogers 

 was made chief. The survey continued until 1839, the final report, a 

 volume of some 300 pages and a colored geological 

 NewJer S s fy,7l35° f m ap, bearing the date 1840, the first annual report 

 being issued in 1836. In this final report Rogers 

 argued that nearly the whole surface of the region occupied by the 

 counties of Middlesex, Monmouth, Burlington, Gloucester, Salem, and 

 Cape May was at some former period upon a level with the top of the 

 surrounding hills, as shown by the finding of sandstone strata always at 

 about the same elevation and in the horizontal position in which it 

 was deposited. These hills he regarded as hills of denudation, that is 

 to say, as formed by the washing away or laying naked of the strata 

 which formed the surface of the region about them; but, looking at 

 the matter, as he did, through the eyes of a catastrophJst, he was 

 unable to say "from what quarter the mighty rush of waters pro- 

 ceeded which swept off so extensive a part of the upper rocks." 



In view of the great difference of opinion which has existed and still 

 exists in the minds of geologists regarding the age of the white lime- 

 stone near Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, it is not without interest 

 to note that Rogers himself regarded it as having been originally the 

 blue limestone of the district invaded at some period by mineral v ems 



