AMERICAN GEOLOGY DECADE OF 1830-1839. 533 



Whittlesey's results consisted of, first, a brief pamphlet of some eight 

 pages, relative to the general topography of the State, and second, a 

 report of- seventy-one pages, in which he gave geological sections of 

 the rocks from Cleveland to the southeast corner of the Western 

 Reserve, with miscellaneous notes on the order of the strata and on 

 coal, limestone, iron ores, mineral springs, etc. 



The general results of the survey may be summed up as follows: 

 The principal formations, as indicated, beginning with the oldest, are 

 first, the great limestone deposit (Silurian and Devonian) which was 

 erroneously regarded as equivalent to the Mountain or Carboniferous 

 limestone of Europe. This was found in Adams County, extending 

 thence to the western portion of the State. It was felt by Locke as 

 not unreasonable to suppose that the particles composing it were once 

 held in aqueous solution and subsequently deposited in tranquil waters 

 along the bottom of the ocean. This may then have been consolidated 

 by subterranean heat. Overlying this is a bed of shales (Upper Devo- 

 nian) two or three hundred feet in thickness, black, tissile, and with a 

 fetid odor. Next comes Waverly sandstone, the Series being thus first 

 named. Fourth, a conglomerate cropping out on the western border 

 of the Coal Measures and varying in thickness from 80 to 100 feet. 

 Fifth, a lower coal series, consisting of alternations of sandstone, shales, 

 limestone, iron ores, and coals, some 300 feet in thickness. Sixth, 

 buhrstone. Seventh, the upper coal series, made up of sandstones, 

 shales, coal, iron ores, and limestones. Eighth, the Tertiary deposits, 

 under which head he included the prairies or barrens-in the western 

 part of the State, and the pebble beds and bowlders of primitive rocks 

 so abundant in some parts of the Scioto Valley; and ninth, the recent 

 deposits, including as such those now forming along the river beds. 

 The beds were noted as having generally but a slight dip and irregular 

 undulations. Locke found near the boundary of Ohio and Indiana a 

 summit level and an anticlinal axis from which the strata dipped in 

 opposite directions, eastwardly in Ohio and westwardly in Indiana. 

 This is apparently the first recognition of what has since become known 

 as the Cincinnati Uplift. 



Mather was educated at West Point, and from 1829 to L835 was 

 assistant professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology in the Mili- 

 tary Academy. While there he published (1833) a text-book on 



geology, a miniature sixteen-mo. volume of some L39 

 sketch of Mather, pages, which seems to have been fairly well received 



at the time and is stated to have passed through sev- 

 eral editions." A photographic copy of one of the pages is given 



a He also published in 1834 a 36-page pamphlet entitled a Sketch of the Geology 

 and Mineralogy of New London and Windham counties, in Connecticut, the same 

 being accompanied by a colored geological map. 



